Abstract
The TSK–11, a short version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, is commonly used to assess fear of movement and (re)injury in patients with musculoskeletal pain. The two–factor model of the TSK–11, consisting of activity avoidance (TSK–AA) and somatic focus (TSK–SF), is known for its high consistency and reliability. However, the subscales of the Japanese version of the TSK–11 have not been validated, and the differences between them are unclear. The aim of our study is to validate the TSK–J11 subscales in Japanese, investigate their associations with pain and pain–related measures, and identify differences between the subscales using data from our prior studies.
Data were collected from 349 participants in 2018 and 216 in 2020. The measures included the TSK–AA and TSK–SF, pain intensity, sleep disorders, the multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness, EuroQol 5 Dimensions, and presenteeism. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and validity was determined through the confirmatory factor analysis. Correlation analyses were performed to explore the relationships between the subscales and the pain–related variables.
Cronbach’s alpha for the TSK–AA and TSK–SF was 0.72 and 0.71. The TSK–SF was significantly associated with pain intensity, and both TSK–AA and TSK–SF were significantly associated with sleep disorders, lower interoceptive awareness, reduced quality of life, and increased presenteeism.
TSK–AA and TSK–SF were reliable and valid in the Japanese population, exhibiting consistent associations with several pain–related measures. TSK–SF scores were increased in people with pain, while TSK–AA scores were not.
Similarities and differences between activity avoidance and somatic focus in Japanese version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
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