In this work, an application of the ultrasonic method to internal temperature measurements of materials during casting has been studied. The principle of the method is based on the temperature dependence of the velocity of ultrasonic wave propagating through a material. An inverse analysis coupled with a finite difference calculation is used to determine a one-dimensional temperature distribution. An attempt to monitor both temperatures of a solidifying alloy and a die during casting process has been made. A low melting-point alloy is employed as the melt. Ultrasonic pulse-echo measurements are performed and the changes in the transit times of the reflected echoes through the die and the alloy are continuously acquired, and then the temperature distributions inside the die and the alloy have been estimated during the casting process.