抄録
In public choice there have been many positive analyses which attempt to elucidate the supply mechanism of public goods. In many cases, central and basic model is the application of median voter model which originated from Bowen-Black's seminal work. However recently this simple demand-side model has shown its defects. These developments have paralleled with the supply-side analyses since Niskanen's incentive work.
The aims of this paper are to attempt to connect clearly supply-side factors with demand-side analysis of public goods and to examine their effects on demand mechanism, e, g, overor underexpansion of budget size. The work of this paper is divided into two parts. In the first half (chapter 2), we reexamine several studies which made an analysis of the supply amount of public good, e, g, from the viewpoint of Pareto efficiency of resource allocation, and clarify the problems involved and the limits of demand-side model. In the second half (chapter 3), we begin to criticize that usual studies have not accurately distinguished supply amount of public goods (G) from budget level (E) and for that reason we introduce, so to speak, public good supply function, i, e. G=f (E) by which we would represent the structure of supply side. We analyze what effects are had on demand mechanism and grope for the possibility of a model joining demand side with supply side.
In conclusion, first we may find that the inclusion of public good supply function could improve the former studies using median voter model. Second, it could be indicated that individual misperception of supply process of public goods, e, g, about the parameters representing public good supply function, brings about the bias against individual demand behavior, and eventually the decision of budget level. This should be also regarded as an interpretation for arguments about fiscal illusion. Therefore, it is suggested that individual information about supply-side mechanism as well as behavioral analysis of them, i, e, the analysis of productive efficiency of public sector, are very important in connection with efficiency of budget size.
