功利主義とマルクス(<特集>経済学の規範理論)

抄録

What this paper treats is utilitarianism made into the object of criticism and conquest in present age normative theory. Next, it is argued how it was criticized by Marx. We analyze how utilitarianism has been received and begin to scoop out the feature of classic utilitarianism and market equilibrium theory utilitarianism. Classic utilitarianism is collectively arranged to the maximum happy principle, harmony, economical liberalism, morality, legislation, and philosophical radicalism. As compared with classic utilitarianism, a change and common point of argument of utilitarianism are extracted for market equilibrium theory utilitarianism. Then, we decide having discussed utilitarianism criticism of Marx at the key and having criticized "freedom, equality, possession, and Bentham" with deployment of his economics criticism system, and the close relation in it. Moreover, we decide that it is what scoops out the limit of the bourgeois democracy shown in these keywords. Classic utilitarianism was premised on the bourgeois principle. Moreover, it formed the origin of movement of philosophical and connected with reform of a system or many unreasonable systems. Classic utilitarianism proposed improvement. It left many subjects to other solution subjects. Marx had spent the brush in putting into practice and criticizing the Bentham's world which covers bourgeois society, when face to face was stood against Bentham and utilitarianism. For Marx, it has not left one phrase which leads to evaluation on the level which is based on his "Capital" and criticizes the Bentham's world, either. Thoughts, such as receiving utilitarianism correctly in process of the theory which criticizes a bourgeois-organization principle, were not depended, either. The keyword of the bourgeois society shown to "freedom, equality, possession, and Bentham" was also specialized by "Bentham" that usually nominalized. What do we learn from Bentham and utilitarianism based on confrontation with Marx and Bentham? We cannot deposit from the analysis of it, but the solution continues being our subject even now.