ベーシック・インカムの理念と実現プロセス

抄録

The attention to a Basic Income (it is only hereafter written as BI) shows the rise. A high unemployment rate, expansion of poverty and a gap, and a malfunction of the social security system, etc. caused the attention. About the malfunction of a social security system, for example, exclusion of some people by the contributory principle in a social insurance system, the lowness of the capture rate of the social assistance system accompanied by a means test, etc. can be mentioned. The process of the policies for resulting to BI system in this paper is examined. The standard of this ranking is expansion of a concept of work. And the possibility of a perfect BI system can be on the extension. This paper is especially focusing on the process of Workfare, Activation, and Participation Income. And it shows perfect BI as one of the policies which can come after Participation Income. Although BI is generally what separates income from work, this paper is discussing it as a result of expansion of a concept of work. If BI is introduced in uncritical only for reasons of the malfunction of the present policies without taking into consideration about the process, such a BI system has a high possibility of misleading to curtailment of social services. This meets the demand of neo-liberal BI. It is called BI from the "right." The logic deployment in this paper has taken the method of starting from examining a social inclusion strategy at present. And in it, Negative Income Tax and Participation Income are discussed as partial BI. About the former, this paper is a negative position for several reasons. Taro Miyamoto (2009) writes Activation more affirmative as social conclusion strategy, and this paper agrees about it. In this paper, reference is further made about the process of Participation Income from Activation. If it is asked whether BI system is possible at present, this paper answers "No". However, as one of the possibilities after Participation Income, it should not be eliminated completely.