Dynamics of IgG Antibody levels in Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid against Periodontopathic Bacteria with Initial Preparation

Abstract

IgG antibody levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from destructive lesions and healthy sites in adult periodontitis patients were evaluated before and after initial preparation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The initial preparation was consisted of tooth brushing instructions, scaling and root planing. Bacterial floras consisting of gram-negative periodontopathogens in subgingival plaque samples were examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Plaque, gingival crevicular fluid and serum samples were taken at baseline and three weeks after initial preparation. At the initial preparation on 14 in 21 patients with adult periodontitis, changes in clinical parameters were evaluated in terms of reductions in periodontopathogens, and levels of IgG antibodies against these pathogens in GCF and serum.
Higher percentages of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia, Wolinella recta, Treponema denticola and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were found in sites with destructive lesions than in periodontally healthy sites. No significant differences were found in GCF IgG antibody levels between diseased and healthy sites. In sites with destructive lesions, the prevalence of P. gingivalis and W. recta correlated significantly with elevated levels of IgG antibodies against these microorganisms in GCF. The initial preparation resulted in significant reductions in serum IgG antibody levels against all microorganisms. No decrease of GCF IgG antibody was observed, and levels of P. gingivalis and W. recta antibodies were significantly increased (P<0.05). The determination of GCF IgG antibodies in relation to putative periodontopathic bacteria may be of considerable value in assessing the conditions of periodontitis.