1992 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 160-172
The purpose of this study was to compare differences in host responses to three genera of live periodontopathic bacterial vaccines (Fusobacterium nucleatum: Fn, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: Aa and Porphyromonas gingivalis: Pg) with regards to humoral and cellular immunity. ICR mice were immunized with 0.2 mg of bacteria 3 times (ip, ip and sc). Casein induced peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages (Mp) were used to observe the chemiluminescence (CL) response and phagocytic activities (phagocytic ratio and number of bacteria in 100 phagocytes).
Antibody titers in each mouse were measured by ELISA.
The responses of both normal and immune PMN against Fn, Aa and Pg were measured. The CL response to Fn was 5 to 7 times higher than those to the other two bacteria. The phagocytic ratio or the number of bacteria in 100 phagocytes increased in the case of Fn stimulation. However, there were no differences between normal and immune PMN. CL Mp responses to the 3 kinds of bacteria were measured using normal and immune Mp. Normal and immune Mp obtained from mice immunized with either Pg or Aa showed low-level responses to homologous and heterogeneous bacterial stimulation. Increases in CL response, the phagocytic ratio and the number of bacteria in 100 Mp, were not observed in normal Mp that had been stimulated with Fn, Aa or Pg. The Mp obtained from Fn immunized mice (Fn-immune-Mp), showed a high CL response to Fn stimulation but not to Aa or Pg stimulation. A remarkable increase in the phagocytic ratio and the number of bacteria in 100 Mp was also observed in Fn-immune-Mp. However, Mp obtained from mice immunized with Aa (Aa-immune-Mp) or Pg (Pg-immune-Mp) showed the same response as normal Mp. Consequently, there were no significant differences when comparing all activities of normal Mp and either Aa or Pg -immune-Mp . Slight increases in CL response and phagocytic activity against BCG were found in Fn -immune-Mp .
Live Fn vaccine induced both IgM and IgG, with the IgM titer being dominant, while administration of Aa and Pg vaccines produced IgG rich antibodies. IgA was not detected in the serum of immunizedmice above a 24 dilution.
In conclusion, an Fn live vaccine can induce both cellular and humoral immunity in ICR mice while Aa and Pg vaccines induce only humoral immunity.
