Abstract
A symposium entitled “Molecular mechanism of cytoplasmic inheritance — 101 years of challenges —”was held at the 74th meeting of the Botanic Society of Japan in 2010 to commemorate 101th anniversary of the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance. This symposium was co-supported by Journal of Plant Research and Japanese Society of Plant Morphology. Researchers studying various eukaryotes including slime molds, green algae, higher plants, and animals were invited to create an opportunity to overview the history and frontiers of researches in this field and to discuss the molecular mechanisms and significance of cytoplasmic inheritance during the evolution of eukaryotes.