Preventive Medicine Research
Online ISSN : 2758-7916
Original Article
Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing asymptomatic infection: a cross-sectional study based on nucleocapsid antibody assessment
Kazumasa Miyake Satoshi SudoTakahiro TujiYusuke YoshiharaChika NozakiMafumi SeinoKiyoshi TakenakaTakeshi TajimaKenmei Okada
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2025 年 2 巻 5 号 p. 73-80

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Objective: To investigate the status of asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in medical facilities.

Methods: A cross-sectional study survey was conducted among healthcare workers toward the end of the eighth wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Japan. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire providing details their COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination history and provided a blood sample for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antibody testing as evidence of past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants were categorized into four groups, according to whether they had received 0–2, 3, 4, or 5 doses of vaccine. The prevalence of N antibodies was compared between groups.

Results: Of 494 participants, 288 reported no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, of whom 185 accepted serological testing for past infection. Of the 185, 14 (7.6%) showed serological evidence of past infection, indicating asymptomatic infection. The risk of asymptomatic COVID-19 was inversely associated with the number of doses of COVID-19 vaccine received.

Conclusions: The cumulative effect of vaccination on preventing asymptomatic COVID-19, suggests that repeated COVID-19 vaccination of healthcare workers may serve as an infection control measure.

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© 2025 Japanese Society of Preventive Medicine

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. To view a copy of this lisence, visit
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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