SCHEME AND PRACTICES OF LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN CIVIL AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS

Abstract

Scheme of Life-cycle assessment is developed for engineering practices to evaluate carbon dioxides emission intensity in civil and construction systems such as road pavement, dams, tunnels, bridges and municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Emissions due to consumption of heavy materials such as cement, concrete and steel are found to account for farely large percents of total co₂ discharge.