The outcome of the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC, approved in December 1995, confirmed conclusions of its First Assessment Report of 1990 and narrowed scientific uncertainties of climate change. It injects much suggestive information into both the negotiation process of FCCC, AGBM and SBI/SBSTA and the activities taken by individual countries. In response to it, Government of Japan is strengthening its mitigation strategy to meet international agreement, and is extending its international collaborative activities such as AIJ.

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This paper presents an overview for the possible impacts of sea-level rise and climate change, induced by global warming, on the coastal zone focusing on the Asia and the Pacific regions. Though the projection of future sea-level rise was revised downward, the threats for the deltaic areas of large rivers and small atoll islands in the Pacific are still anticipated. The summary of the global assessment of the vulnerability to sea-level rise showed the large potential impacts of sea-level rise and climate change, such as large population in risk zone for inundation and flooding, and significant adverse effects on the agriculture and wetlands. Such impacts may be concentrated to the countries in the regions.

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Water resources system should be planned under the consideration of global warming because of long-term climate change. Moreover the water demand will be fluctuated due to the increase of population of development of new technology. In this paper I will propose the planning procedure for water resources such as Oestimation of input situation on precipitation and ternperawre, ii) inference of available water resource amount with basin simulation, iii) prediction of water demand for agriculture, industry and municipal use, and iv) assessment of economical damage caused by additional drought event.

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A research sub-committee was organized under the Committee on Global Environment, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, to study an environmental management system (EMS) which is considered to be one of the effective measures to reduce adverse impacts on and continuously improve the environment. Environmental management system is a management technique for any organization to control the impact of its activities, products or services so that sound environmental performance could be achieved. Objectives of the study include collecting and analyzing updated information on such international standards as ISO 14000s and proposing a guideline to introduce and apply the EMS to the construction industry, which will help the industry to achieve sustainable development. This paper presents an overview of studies conducted by the research sub-committee in 1995.

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Scheme of Life-cycle assessment is developed for engineering practices to evaluate carbon dioxides emission intensity in civil and construction systems such as road pavement, dams, tunnels, bridges and municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Emissions due to consumption of heavy materials such as cement, concrete and steel are found to account for farely large percents of total co₂ discharge.

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For analysizing life cycle CO₂ emission from civil constraction activities, we need standardized emission value for unit material production, transportation, and energy consumption etc. In this report, many proposed unit values are compared, after revising and combining them, recommended unit carbon dioxide emission values are estimated and prorosed for use.

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Dam project entails a large scale civil works and is liable to incur a significant environmental effects. This paper briefs the results of a preliminary life cycle assessment of a rockfill dam in terms of CO₂ exhaustion. Site conditions such as topography, geology and hydrology govern the design and work volume of a dam. The input requisite to dam construction such as materials and energy, therefore, varies from site to site. Subsequently breakdown of work items, excavation for example into ripping, hauling and others, and estimation of CO₂ exhaustion volume thereby are necessary as well as to apply a standard CO₂ yield derived from the input/output analysis in the LCA of a dam. This assessment identified that the exhaustion by diversion works, excavation works, embankment works and spillway tallies 43, 000 ton or 84% of total exhausted CO₂ of 54, 000 ton from a rockfill dam with an embankment volume of 3, 500, 000 m3.

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A number of studies on application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluation of environmental loads and standardizaion are now being conducted worldwide in the industrial production.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) method have been applied for the environmental evaluation of infrastructure. however, EIA methods are limited to the regional environment, whereas LCA can deal with broader range of impacts both spacewise and timewise. Introducing LCA methods to civil engineering is increasingly drawing attention for this reason.
In this study we've made a trial of Life Cycle Inventory of a waste water treatment facility. The research objects are mainly to extract problems in making an inventory and discuss about thesolutions, and to build up any data and information usable for LCA application in civil engineering field. We've chosen CO2 generation as an environmental load.

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It was attempted to use life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate environmental impacts of parks in an actual new habitation district, having population of 9, 600 and an area of 162 hectares. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission was chosen as a global environmental impact indicator.CO₂emission from land construction works of the district was estimated as 681ton-C by using combination of the input-output analysis and the process analysis.
CO₂emission from material accounted for nearly 87% of the total CO₂emission from the park construction works. Cement, concrete brick, and fresh concrete were major contributors to this fraction. CO₂emission per area of block parks was estimated as 8.8kg-C/m². CO₂emission in the construction and operating and maintenance stage was estimated 2539ton-C assuming 30-year period of use. In order to reduce CO₂emission from the park, it is important to choice low CO₂emission material and design, satisfying same activities.

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The solution to the global warming is one of the most urgent global environmental problems. Energy consumption and carbon dioxides (CO₂)caused by energy consumption are a primary factor of global warming. We examined the construction technology and its methods to reduce them.
Construction such as concrete and steel materials for building civil engineering structures discharge CO₂when produced and transported. Construction machines discharge CO₂when made and operated. Further, Fossil fuels discharge CO₂when transported, refined and stored. In this paper, we calculated the amount of CO₂emissions by construction methods of five typical public works (shields, concrete structures, dams, tunnels, earth-moving). In addition, comparing efficient alternative plans for construction technology, methods and materials with former ones, we grasped their effects quantitatively. Moreover, for laborious comparison of these methods, this paper also states the outline of simulation program which assesses CO₂emissions and energy consumption accompanying public works by using personal computers instantly.

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Environmental management system (EMS) is rapidly becoming an integral part of an overall management responsibility of various organizations including not only business firms but also central and local governments. Over the last few years, business firms began to place greater emphasis on environmental activities as an essential element forming their corporate identity, and many local authorities also started an attempt to be “greener.” Such a trend, however, has not yet fully penetrated in smaller size firms, cities towns and villages. In this study, therefore, awareness and attitudes of enterprises and local governments about EMS are investigated. Questionnaires were sent to 1, 469 small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) and 97 local governments in Fukuoka Prefecture. Responses were received from 34% of enterprises and 56.7% of local governments. It is found that environmental awareness and attitudes of enterprises are dependent upon their size; smaller enterprises are less willing to take environmental actions largely due to the lack of information. Application of EMS to local governments is positively appreciated among themselves. Introduction of “green procurement” and recognition of ISO14001 as a qualification for tendering at local government would stimulate the introduction of EMS among enterprises.

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Effects of both natural topography in various scales and change of land-use on wind and temperature fields have been investigated numerically for Nohbi plain, central Japan. It has been clarified that, in spite of highly urbanized nature of Nohbi plain, shown in a large population of more than 8 millions, basic features of local winds over the plain are determined by natural topography, especially high mountains in Chubu district, which are located 100 to 200 km north-east to the plain.
However, temperature fields at surface level can largely be modified by urban area and also water surface such as rice paddy fields. An explanation for high temperature zone caused by urban area in sea breeze situation is presented. Urban area, i. e. a local heat source, placed in the topographically induced sea breeze/valley wind causes weak wind zone at down-wind side of the area due to pressure gradient adverse to the sea breeze. In the weak-wind zone, mixed layer strongly develops and “heat island” is formed. The “heat island” moves inland with the sea breeze.

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The possibility of simulating tropical cyclones (TCs) using the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2) is explored. Daily outputs from a long-term simulation run using the standard T42 resolution CCM2 are examined to identify simulated tropical cyclones (STCs) using a search scheme that selects qualified STCs resembling observed TCs. The simulation case is a 10-year run driven by the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) corresponding to the decade from 1979 to 1988. The climatology of STCs is discussed in terms of their genesis, movements, and seasonal and interannual variations through the comparisons with observed TC statistics. Despite obvious shortcomings of the standard CCM2, such as a coarse horizontal resolution, the climatology of STCs is in reasonably good agreement with that of observed TCs.

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Analizing NDVI/iNDVI derived from NOAA AVHRR and NDVI observed on ground, the growth profile of paddy is observed over its growth cycle under cold-weather damage in 1993. Then good relationship between NDVI/iNDVI and paddy growth is confirmed. However, the crop of paddy has low relationship with iNDVI. Terefore, biomass production which can not be observed through iNDVI is regarded as a distribution of it for a spike. It is assumed that the distribution is propotional to the difference between estimated iNDVI of no crop paddy and actual one. Then the crop over the Tohoku district is estimated from iNDVI deficit.

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10-day-average concentrations of SO₂ and NO₂ were measured at 64 sites in Dhaka city and its suburbs during the period of December-January of 1995-96 using molecular diffusion tubes. This have made first systematic observation of air pollution over Dhaka area.The results showed extremely high SO₂ concentrations in the southeastern industrial zone of Dhaka where the highest 10-day-average concentration was 104 ppb. Polluted zone, defined as the average SO₂ concentration over 40 ppb, extended along major route running from north-west to south-east, and also parallel to the Buriganga river in Dhaka area. In case of NO₂, the highest 10-day-average was 35 ppb, and higher concentration appeared in the city center and along main roads of Dhaka, indicating traffic as major NO₂ source.
A preliminary estimation of SO₂ and NO₂ emissions in Dhaka for winter 1995-96 has been made, together with their spatial allocation to see their relations with SO₂ and NO₂ concentration distributions; estimated total emissions were 72 and 70 ton day^-1 for SO₂ and NO₂ respectively. It was speculated that typical meteorological conditions in this season such as very low wind speed (average less than 0.5 m/s), dry and stably-stratified air largely contributed to the severe air pollution.

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If there is no control on energy use and engineering technology in the future, it will be a great deal of emission of acidic substances because of rapid industrialization. Given the policies of many Asian nations to achieve levels of development comparable with the industrialized world which necessitate a significant expansion of energy consumption (most derived from indigenous coal reserves) the potential for the formation of, and damage from, acid deposition in these developing countries is very high.This simulation model aims the analysis of transfer process of acidic substances and the estimation of deposition rate in Asia from the emission in large point sources and the weather condition in the year 1994.

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Environment is a vital concern for the current world. Meso and microscale pollution have direct and or indirect impact on global environmental problems. This paper is going to introduce a general overview of global problems due to various alternative sources, special care be taken oftraffic pollution. Present some atmospheric chemistry and a logical approach to control microscale urban pollution, conveying intelligent traffic management. Congestion occur on an urban road due to the convergence of traffic flows from different streets. In such a congested or polluted road, if pollution exceed ambient standard level or critical level, a computer algorithm compiled within some logical statements and a number of control measurements insitu, invitro, in the abstract, in real time, suggested to the city administration and or road commuters to alleviate traffic pollution on site by traffic planning and management; delivering congestion or pollution news via radio waves, ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) technologies, electronic display and Internet superhighway etc.

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Atmospheric turbidity coefficients were calculated at five sites (Nemuro, Sapporo, Shionomisaki, Tosa-Shimizu and Ishigaki) in Japan from 1980 through 1995. Theturbidity coefficients ranged 0.03-0.30 at Nemuro, 0.05-0.45 at Sapporo, 0.05-0.45 at Shionomisaki, 0.03-0.40 at Tosa-Shimizu and 0.03-0.40 at Ishigaki. In 1982-1984 and 1991-1993 they had the maximum due to large volcanic eruptions of Mt. E1 Chichon and It.Pinatubo, respectively. Except effect of the volcanic eruption, the turbidity coefficients had tendency of increase from 1955 through 1990 due to increase of human activities. Global increase of the turbidity coefficient of 0.042 may cause the decrease of the global mean surface temperature of 0.3°C.

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The increasing attention to large-scale air pollution has resulted in numerous air monitoring networks and field studies. Trajectory calculations are often usedto understand the behavior of air pollutants and the results of measurements. However the accuracy of trajectory calculations is not well known, especially for the long-range transport in East Asia. In this study, some recent measurement data are used to determine the accuracy of isentropic trajectory model. The separation between isentropic trajectories and three-imensional trajectories derived from meteorological data which have sufficient temporal resolution is used to assess the validity of the isentropic technique. The results indicate that the isentropic trajectories arrived closest the boundary layer sometimes differ greatlyfrom three dimensional trajectories arrived at the surface measurement points. The causes of discrepancy is considered. Although the details of each trajectory do not necessarily reflect the actual path of motion of pollutants, the calculations suggest that the emsumble mode of trajectory analysis provides a useful tool of the relative patterns of large scale air motion.

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Energy consumption and NOx emission by automobiles in China has been predicted in 2000 and 2010 with two scenarios. For the purpose of establishing an emission inventory of NOx in the East Asia. Total amounts of NOx emission by automobiles in China was estimated to be 1.3/1.8 million tonnes for Casel based on GDP correlation, and 1.3/2.3 million tonnes for Case2 based on automobile production plan by Chinese government in 2000/2010, respectively.

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Fallout ¹³⁷Cs from atmospheric nuclear detonation tests has been worldwide transported in the environment and finally taken by human through various pathways. In particular, dietary uptake pathways are very important for evaluating the human health risks by long-term global low level radioactive contamination. In this study, the global ¹³⁷Cs food contamination model containing various possible pathways to total dietary uptake by Japanese is proposed by improving the model reported in the preceding symposium. The model includes the pathway through the foods import from all over the world. The proposed model was examined by comparing thenumerical simulation results with the monitoring data of ¹³⁷Cs in Japanese total diet and the Japanese healthrisk at each age group was evaluated. The health risk caused by the ¹³⁷Cs dietary intake was compared with that by the⁹⁰Sr or ³H dietary intake. The main results obtained in this study are as follows:
(1) The proposed model is promising for evaluating the Japanese dietary intake of global radioactive fallout ¹³⁷Cs.
(2) The main pathway of Japanese dietary intake of ¹³⁷Cs is the that through the farm products.
(3) The Japanese health risks induced by ¹³⁷Cs dietary intake was estimated at maximum about 8 persons annual excess death per 100 million in 1960's; the risk of the infants is the highest.

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Using forest soil and simulated acid rain containing humic acid, butch and column experiments were carried out. Paying attention to the Al dissolution, influences of humic acid on not only total concentration but chemical form of Al were discussed. Some valuable results were obtained as follows. From butch experiments, as concentration of humic acid increased, Al, Ca and K concentration of soil solution decreased. Ratio of complexed Al increases with rise of effluent pH. From column experiments, humic acid made effluent pH, which is the starting point of sharp increase of Al concentration, shift low, and Al concentration of effluent was kept low. Humic acid has little influence on the complexed Al concentration of effluent.

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Numerical simulation by Modular Ocean Model2 (MOM2) is carried out to understand whole image of oceanic structure in the Japan Sea. MOM2 is the numerical simulation code which integrates governing equation and calculates development of momentum, temperature, and salinity. The study is successful to reproduce the flow pattern of oceanic circulation in the Japan sea, which includes meandering of Tsushima Warm Current and the polar front in the center of Japan Sea.

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The situation concerning the dumping of nuclear submarines, etc. into the Arctic Ocean by the former Soviet Union is being clarified. As its characteristics, waters in the dumping areas are very shallow and close to land.
The results of flow analysis which was conducted previously by using observation data (water temperature, salinity) and applying a method for obtaining the exchange flow in such a way that the inter-box input and output of salinity, heat and seawater volume is balanced, made it possible to successfully express the actual flow patterns.
In this research, concentration analysis and exposure dose analysis were conducted on the basis of a release scenario with considerations given to nuclide decay, mixing, scavenging and interaction between undersea particles and the bottom sediment layer.

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Coastal areas are designated as areas between sea and land. Accordingly, coastal areas have been influenced by activities and phenomena not only in sea areas but also lands. Coastal areas are used for various purposes such as providing food, transportation, industries andrecreation. However, environmental problems have occurred in coastal areas due to inappropriate use of environmental resources. These problems have various types, and so do their causes. Especially in developing countries, the coastal environmental problems have become serious. In this paper, the coastal environmental problems in South and Southeast Asian countries including Bangladesh, Indonesia, Maldives, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand have been identified based on the analysis with collected secondary data, interview surveys and field surveys. As a result, causes of the coastal environmental problems can be characterized from the points of view: 1) shoreline types; 2) an inappropriate use of environmental resources; and 3) a capability of environmental administrative bodies.

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Vertical distributions of fine particle sediments have been observed during floods by a specially designed sampler. The samples were analyzed through the Coulter Counter to obtain the grain size distribution. For each grain size range, the observed vertical distributions of the concentration are compared with Rouse's solution. The reference concentration at 5% of the depth from the bottom extrapolated by the solution are compared with the semi-experimental estimation by Lane using the grain size distribution of the bed material which was also taken during the flood.

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Kamakura where is located in the joint of Miura peninsula, had been political center for about 140years from the 12th to 14th century. The rulers were the samurai class, at the top of which existed the shogun and the his goverment. During these periods a variety of culture had been developed. This characteristics culture is till found at the present-day Kamakura.
Mainly, based on the investigations on the soil and water structures such as old passes, yaguras, wells and so on, the several discussions are carried out about the birthplace and prosperity of Kamakura shogunate. It is suppesed that the flourished Kamakura's culuture may be closely related with the tertiary stratum of tuff and mudstone, which is classified into the soft rocks, in Kamakura area. It is also pointed out that the old Japanese culture and the beautiful green city are recently intested with air and water pollutions.

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Environmental Risk Initial Review is the simulation tool which submits some needed Environmental information appropriately, quickly and cheaply in the first developmental planning stage for Environmental and Social riskhedge. There are 2 aspects; the Evaluation method to make the most of the location environment and the practical planning tool.
With the evaluation method, we established the LOCAL GREEN AREA (2items), ENVIRONMENTAL RISK (7items) and LOCAL ACTIVITY as the main evaluation items. We gathered all evaluation sheets and compiled their high-risk areas under the order of priority, then displayed the ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD LAYOUT. As a Practical planning tool, we formed an ENVIRONMENTAL RISK INITIAL REVIEW composed of an Environmental evaluation report and evaluation sheets. The Environmental evaluation report explains environmental risks and provides a protection guide for each item, overall.
These steps take appropriate consideration on developmental planning. We might reduce risk more than 20% depending on the particular establishment. Additionally, this may be highly effective as a supporting tool for ISO14000.

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The impact of sea level rise due to global warming on developing countries facing sea is a great concern. To investigate the impacts of sea level rise on socio-economy by, the theoretical frame for the developing economy should be clarified. The Harris-Todaro's two sector (ruralurban) model which considers unemployment and migration can be the basis for it. This paper proposes a macroeconomic model for analyzing not only the structural changes in industrial sectors including manufacture, forestry, and also the migration.

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The purpose of this study was to search environmentally mitigatable concrete. Environmentally mitigatable concrete is necessary to realize comfortable human's living environment and sustainable development. The utilization of waste products, such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, municipal refuse and used concrete, for cement and/or concrete is very remarkable to save natural resources and energy. A porous concrete structure having continuous void can moderate the thermal change, the maximum rate of flow and the level of noises compared with a traditional concrete one, because it can be pervious to water and air and absorb noises, too.

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Thepurpose of this study was tosearch for ecologically acceptable ways to stimulate the natural self-purification activities in the civil engineering construction fields. Porous concrete, through which water and/or air can pass freely, is assumed to be organism aduptable concrete, as planting and water purifying cqncrete. This paper discussed on the properties of porous concrete and its applications used for environmental field. As the results, porous concrete is thonght to be useful in the establishment of well-balanced biological environment.

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Spatial and behavioral factors of the transportation mode choice are identified by using the multi-egression of the questionare survey data in Kokubunji City, Tokyo Metropolitan Region. Physical planning methods in the transportation demand management policies are, firstly, categorized into four groups, based on the survey of towns planned to limit automobile trips. Secondly, location factors of town-center facilities and neighborhood characteristics as well as behavioral factors are used as explanatory variables for mode choice. The effects of physical planning methods are discussed.

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The population projection for the world and the two major continents namely Asia and Africa are indicated. The fact that about 80 percent of the world's population is likely to live only in the two major contients namely Asia and Africa. Moderate increase in population is expected prevail in South and North American countries. The increase in population in Europe, Soviet and Oceania represent a low and stable in crease.
The population potential rate (PTM/METSM) for Asia are 1.09 and 1.24 respectively. The population potential rate for Africa is greater than Asia, which implies that Africa will face to a serious environmental threat.

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Resources required for furnishing agricultural products are estimated and environmental resource interdependence pertinent to trade of agricultural products between countries is discussed. Argentina, Australia, Canada, France, and the USA are selected as exporters, and Africa, EU and Japan are importers. Area of farm land and amount of flesh water and fertilizer used for the production of Bovine Meet, Wheat, Rice, Barley, Maize and Soybean are estimated. Japan's consumption of beef requires 19, 540, 000ha of pasture and 7, 520, 000ha of crop land in foreign countries. This figure is equivalent to 70% of the total land area of Japan. Fourtyfive billion tons of flesh water and 980 thousand tons of nitrogen fertilizer are annually used in USA, Canada, Australia, France, and Argentina for the export to Africa, EU and Japan.

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Cross-boundary carbon dioxide emission due to final demand in China and Japan were analyzed by using International Input-Output table for China and Japan, 1985. Differences of the emission patterns correspomding to the stage of economic growth in each country were observed as follows: 1) more than several times of greater intensities were observed particularly in the sector of electricity, chemistry, machinery etc. in China than in Japan;2) responsive and influential features in China and Japan sectors indicated difference of the stage of growth respectively; 3) estimated cross boundary carbon dioxide emission was nearly 1% and 5% of total emission in China and Japan respectively excluding trade with other countries, and it was found that the direct import of machinery by China related to investment and indirect or raw material import by Japan related to food and textiles mainly cause of the cross-boundary embodied emission.

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Forecasting of the future situation of global environment is a difficult task due to complex interaction among a number of economic, social, and natural factors. This paper aims an analysis of the relationships between the factors regarding economic development and environment for the Asian region. It examines the empirical formulas obtained from the past temporal data series of 24 countries for the last 30 years. A simple model is developed toanalyze future trends on population and food balance based on a set of parameters obtained by the relationships. Regarding food balance, an insufficiency of food supply in some countries including China is expected become obvious in the next century due to the increasing demand for animal products resulting from income rise.

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Climate change impact on crops production is one of the most serious problems in the next century. In order to evaluate this problem, we developed a crop productivity model based on local climatic, hydrological and soil characteristics. In this paper we compared potential crop productivity estimated by the model with actual statistical yield data in China. Through this comparison, some factors that should be considered in the model were found. Those factors are the differences of model parameters among differnt species, the effect of irrigation, soil constraints decreased with high level input of fertilizer and the double- or triple-cropping.

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Environmental expenditure in Japanese private sector since 1970 was investigated to estimate the future environmental cost in the Asian region. After the intensive investment of pollution abatement equipment by Japanese industries during the mid-1970s, the production of the equipment became constant. Annual production of total pollution abatement equipment is 230 billion yen, where that relating air pollution control has the share of 53.7%. Annual investment of pollution control is 417 billion yen. Electric power sector is annually investing 29 billion yen only for flue-gas desulfurization. It is estimated that 72 billion yen would be required for the desulfurization in China in 2000 if all of the power plants introduce it. Steel industry requires comparatively large investment for environment, and the Japanese steel industries have spent 10% of the total investment for pollution control. The obstacle which hinder pollution control in Chinese steel industry is not the cost of pollution control facilities itself but the fund raising for the renovation or replacement of old fashioned whole factories. Japan's export of pollution abatement equipment to other Asian region has been increasing. It is hoped that the export to Korea and China would further increase as their environmental policies are strengthened.

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Contamination of a local site can have immediate potential adverse health effects on the community. Because of the public's concerns about potential adverse health affects, the public gets involved with a remediation project and begins to formulate their own opinions about what should be done. These opinions often differ significantlyfrom the viewpoints of the experts, becoming a potential source of conflict. Frustrated by this conflict, the public loses faith in the process and distrusts those involved with a project. Public opposition to remediation activities can have a significant impact on both the contractor and their client. The purpose of this research is to help the contractor mitigate these impacts.

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In an attempt to build a society that operates as efficiently as nature, we have undertaken three major objectives for implementation on Yakushima Island-to make full use of the regional resources of Yakushima Island, the elimination of fossil fuels from the island, and zero waste emission. Based on the industriesand livelihood of the island, we shall work toward the ideal of the construction of a resource cycling, sustainable society that will exist within the precious nature and ecosystem of the island. We propose the “Yakushima Island Zero Emission Model” as a series of policies working to make this concept a reality, positioning this proposal as a guideline for the actual application of these concepts on Yakushima Island.

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The global environmental problems have socially become very important in recent years. The field of civil engineering is also confronted with the many difficulties in the environmental changes induced by the ground developments and soil constructions. The civil engineers must do the new approaches to the protection andpreservation of natural environments. Inthis study, based on the results of manychemical measurements, the authors discuss about the real conditions of natural water, soil and giant tree environments in Tokyo megalopolis.
It will be warned out that the areas with the natural water polluted by human activities are certainly spread from the center of large cities to the suburbs.

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