This study aims to develop a renewal or conservation method of the riverbank with or without bank protection works. As the first step, a trench test was carried out at the natural riverbank of the Tone River, where the riverbank was formed by the installation of several spur dykes in the 1960s, in order to investigate formative process of the natural riverbank. It is concluded through this field investigation that formative process and the developing velocity of riverbank strongly depend on changes in the water and bank lebel, and the enhancement of depositional effect of fine sediments due to the growth of vegitation on the riverbank.