ANNUAL TOTALS OF ENERGY AND CO₂ FLUXES IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA

Abstract

Based on one year of field measurements, we described the annual fluxes of energy and CO₂ at a residential area of Tokyo. The major findings are as follows. 1) The total of Rn, H, and LE was 2.36, 1.35, and 0.90 GJ m^-2, respectively. The latent heat flux LE was large despite the small areal fraction of natural coverage (trees and bare soil). The estimated local latent heat flux per unit natural coverage was two times larger than the available energy (Rn+A), which indicates that the '‘oasis effect’ was significant. 2) The annual CO₂ flux was upward due to fossil fuel consumption in houses and traffic and human bodily exhalations. The total CO₂ flux was 3352 gC m^-2 and was six times larger than the downward CO₂ flux at a typical temperate deciduous forest.