EFFECTS OF INTENSITY OF AUDITORY STIMULATION ON PHOTOPIC VISUAL SENSITIVITY IN RELATION TO PERSONALITY

PHYLLIS M. J. SHIGEHISA; TSUYOSHI SHIGEHISA; JOHN R. SYMONS

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.15.164

PHYLLIS M. J. SHIGEHISA, TSUYOSHI SHIGEHISA, JOHN R. SYMONS

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1973 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 164-172

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.15.164

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Published: December 10, 1973 Received: October 13, 1973 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Visual thresholds were determined in 3 types of S by a modified method of limits under 5 intensities of a 1 KHz pure tone. An analysis of variance of the data showed significant results for personality group and its interaction with intensity conditions. Under medium and strong intensities of tone, visual sensitivity “decreased” in introverts, and “increased” in extraverts with a greater increase at strong than medium intensities. In ambiverts it increased under strong intensity only. Non-significance of the intensity effect suggested visual dominance over auditory stimulation. Significant correlations between EPI E (but not N) scale scores and sensitivity change indicated the more extraverted the S is, the greater the increase in visual sensitivity. The results supported the proposed hypotheses.
Right : Visual thresholds were determined in 3 types of S by a modified method of limits under 5 intensities of a 1 KHz pure tone. An analysis of variance of the data showed significant results for personality group and its interaction with intensity conditions. Under medium and strong intensities of tone, visual sensitivity “decreased” in introverts, and “increased” in extraverts with a greater increase at strong than medium intensities. In ambiverts it increased under strong intensity only. Non-significance of the intensity effect suggested visual dominance over auditory stimulation. Significant correlations between EPI E (but not N) scale scores and sensitivity change indicated the more extraverted the S is, the greater the increase in visual sensitivity. The results supported the proposed hypotheses.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AUTHOR Details: Wrong : PHYLLIS M. J. SHIGEHISA¹⁾²⁾, TSUYOSHI SHIGEHISA¹⁾²⁾, JOHN R. SYMONS¹⁾
Right : PHYLLIS M. J. SHIGEHISA¹⁾, TSUYOSHI SHIGEHISA¹⁾, JOHN R. SYMONS¹⁾

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen
2) Department of Psychology, Taisho University.

Right :
1) Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BARTLEY, S. H. 1958 Principle s of Perception. New York: Harper.
BöRNSTEIN, W. 1936 On the functional relations of the sense organs to one another, and to the organism as a whole. Journal of General Psychology, 15, 117-131.
BURNHAM, R. W. 1941 Intersensory effects and their relation to memory theory. American Journal of Psychology. 54, 473-489.
BURSILL, A. E. & SHIGEHISA, T. 1972 Hetero-modal stimulation, personality and the inverted-U function, Bulletin of British Psychological Society, 25, 70.
CHAPANIS, A., ROUSE, R. O. & SCHACHTER, S. 1949 The effect of inter-sensory stimulation on dark adaptation and night vision. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39, 425-437.
CHILD, I. & WENDT, G. R. 1938 The temporal course of the influence of visual stimulation upon the auditory threshold. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 108-127.
CORCORAN, D. W. J. 1965 Personality and the inverted-U relation. British Journal of Psychology, 56, 267-273.
EYSENCK, H. J. 1959 The Manual of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.
EYSENCK, H. J. 1967 The Biological Basis of Personality. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas.
EYSENCK, H. J. & EYSENCK, S. B. G. 1964 Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.
GILBERT, G. M. 1941 Intersensory facilitation and inhibition. Journal of General Psychology, 24, 381-407.
GRAY, J. A. 1964 Pavlov's Typology. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
GRINGS, W. W. & KIMMEL, H. D. 1959 Com pound stimulus transfer for different sense modalities. Psychological Report, 5, 253-260.
HARRIS, J. D. 1950 Some relations between vision and audition. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas.
HARTMAN, G. W. 1935 Gestalt Psychology. New York: Ronald Press.
KIMMEL, H. D., HILL, F. A. & FOWLER, R. L. 1962 Inter-sensory generalization in com pound classical conditioning. Psychological Re port, 11, 631-636.
KLEMM, O. 1909 Lokalization von Sinneseind-rücken bei disparaten Nebenreizen. Psychologische Studien, 5, 73-162.
KRAVKOV, S. V. 1966 Interaction of the sense organs. In A. Leontyev, A. Luriya, & A. Smirnov (Eds.) Psychological Research in the USSR. I. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 218 266.
KUROKI, S. 1937 The influence of light stimulus upon hearing. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 12, 253-269. (In Japanese with English Summary).
LONDON, I. D. 1954 Research on sensory interaction in the Soviet Union. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 531-568.
LOVELESS, N. E., BREBNER, J. & HAMILTON, P. 1970 Bisensory presentation of information. Psychological Bulletin, 73, 161-199.
MARUYAMA, K. 1959a The effect of intersensory tone stimulation on absolute light threshold. Tohoku Psychologica Folio, 17, 51-81.
MARUYAMA, K. I959b Kokakuiki ni oyobosu ikeikankakushigeki toshiteno onkyo no koka. Ohwaki Yoshikazu Kyoju Zaishoku 35 Nen Kinen Shinrigaku Ronbunsh_??_. Ohwaki Kyoju Zaishoku 35 Nen Kinen Shukugakai, 355-372. (In Japanese)
MARLTYAMA, K. 1964 Shikaku to choaku toni arawareru ikeikanseisogosayo. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 35, 204-216. (In Japanese)
MARI IYAMA, K. 1969 Kankakukansa-gosayo. In Yagi Ben kansh_??_/Osaka Ryoji hen, Koza. Shinrigaku 3, Kankaku. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. (In Japanese)
MATTHEWS, B. H. C. & LUCZAK, A. K. 1944 Some factors influencing dark adaptation. (Report No. FPRC/577), London: Flying Personnel Research Committee.
MORINAGA, S. & NOGUCHI, K. 1969 Kanseikan no sogokanren. In Wada Yohei, Oyama Tadasu & Imai Shogo hensha, Kankaku Chikaku Shinrigaku Handbook. Tokyo: Seishinshobo. (In Japanese)
ROCK, I. & HARRIS, C. S. 1967 Vision and touch. Scientific American, 216, 96-104.
RYAN, T. A. 1940 Interrelations of the sensory systems in perception. Psychological Bulletin, 37, 659-698.
SERRAT, W. B. & KARWOSKI, T. 1936 An investigation of the effect of auditory stimulation on visual sensitivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19, 604-611.
SHIGEHISA, PHYLLIS M. J. 1972 The effect of various intensities of auditory stimuli on visual sensitivity in relation to extraversion. Un published master's dissertation, University of Aberdeen.
SHIGEHISA, T. 1972 An investigation of inter sensory effects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Aberdeen.
SHIGEHISA, T. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973a Effect of intensity of visual stimulation on auditory sensitivity in relation to personality. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 205-213.
SHIGEHISA, T. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973b Re liability of auditory responses under increasing intensity of visual stimulation in relation to personality. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 375-381.
SHIGEHISA, T,, SHICEHISA, PHYLLIS M.J. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973 Effect of interval between auditory and preceding visual stimuli on auditory sensitivity. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 367-373.
STERN, W. 1935 Allgemeine Psychologie auf personalistichen Grundlage. The Hague: Nijhoff.
SYMONS, J. R. 1954 An investigation of inter-sensory relationships. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universty of Reading.
SYMONS, J. R. 1963 The effect of various hetero modal stimuli on visual sensitivity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15, 243-251.
TORII, N. 1962 Shikaku to cholcaku no kanseikankogosayo. Nippon Research Center Ken kr_??_kiyo, 2, 26-37. (In Japanese)
WASHBURN, M. F. 1895 Ueber den Einfluss von Gesichtsassociation auf die Raumwahrneh-mung der Haut. Philosophische Studien (Wundt), 11, 190-225.
WILSON, M. & WILSON, W. A. Jr. 1962 Inter-sensory facilitation of learning sets in normal and brain operated monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 931 934.

Right : BARTLEY, S. H. 1958 Principles of Perception. New York: Harper.
BÖRNSTEIN, W. 1936 On the functional relations of the sense organs to one another, and to the organism as a whole. Journal of General Psychology, 15, 117-131.
BURNHAM, R. W. 1941 Intersensory effects and their relation to memory theory. American Journal of Psychology. 54, 473-489.
BURSILL, A. E. & SHIGEHISA, T. 1972 Heteromodal stimulation, personality and the inverted-U function, Bulletin of British Psychological Society, 25, 70.
CHAPANIS, A., ROUSE, R. O. & SCHACHTER, S. 1949 The effect of inter-sensory stimulation on dark adaptation and night vision. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39, 425-437.
CHILD, I. & WENDT, G. R. 1938 The temporal course of the influence of visual stimulation upon the auditory threshold. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 108-127.
CORCORAN, D. W. J. 1965 Personality and the inverted-U relation. British Journal of Psychology, 56, 267-273.
EYSENCK, H. J. 1959 The Manual of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.
EYSENCK, H. J. 1967 The Biological Basis of Personality. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas.
EYSENCK, H. J. & EYSENCK, S. B. G. 1964 Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.
GILBERT, G. M. 1941 Intersensory facilitation and inhibition. Journal of General Psychology, 24, 381-407.
GRAY, J. A. 1964 Pavlov's Typology. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
GRINOS, W. W. & KIMMEL, H. D. 1959 Compound stimulus transfer for different sense modalities. Psychological Report, 5, 253-260.
HARRIS, J. D. 1950 Some relations between vision and audition. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas.
HARTMAN, G. W. 1935 Gestalt Psychology. New York: Ronald Press. KIMMEL, H. D., HILL, F. A. & FOWLER, R. L. 1962 Inter-sensory generalization incompound classical conditioning. Psychological Report, 11, 631-636.
KLEMM, O. 1909 Lokalization von Sinneseindrucken bei disparaten Nebenreizen. Psychalogische Studien, 5, 73-162.
KRAVKOV, S. V. 1966 Interaction of the sense organs. In A. Leontyev, A. Luriya, & A. Smirnov (Eds.) Psychological Research in the USSR. I. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 218-266.
KUROKI, S. 1937 The influence of light stimulus upon hearing. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 12, 253-269.(In Japanese with English Summary).
LONDON, I. D. 1954 Research on sensory interaction in the Soviet Union. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 531-568.
LOVELESS, N. E., BREBNER, J. & HAMILTON, P. 1970 Bisensory presentation of information. Psychological Bulletin, 73, 161-199.
MARUYAMA, K. 1959a The effect of intersensory tone stimulation on absolute light threshold. Tohoku Psychologica Folio, 17, 51-81.
MARUYAMA, K. I959b KOkakuiki ni oyobosu ikeikankakushigeki toshiteno onkyo no koka. Ohwaki Yoshikazu Kyoja Zaishoku 35 Nen Kinen Shinrigaku Ronbunshu. Ohwaki Kyoju Zaishoku 35 Nen Kinen Shukugakai, 355-372.(In Japanese)
MARUYAMA, K. 1964 Shikaku to chokaku toni arawarcru ikeikanseisogosayo. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 35, 204-216.(In Japanese)
MARUOYAMA, K. 1969 Kankakukansogosayo. In Yagi Ben kanshu/Osaka Ryoji hen, Koza Shinrigaku 3, Kankaku. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.(In Japanese)
MATTHEWS, B. H. C. & LUCZAK, A. K. 1944 Some factors influencing dark adaptation.(Report No.FPRC/577), London: Flying Personnel Research Committee.
MORINACA, S. & NOGUCHI, K. 1969 Kanseikan no sogokanrcn. In Wada YOhei, Oyama Tadasu & Imai Shogo henshu, Kankaku Chikaku Shinrigaku Handbook. Tokyo: Seishinshobo.(In Japanese)
Roch, I. & HARRIS, C. S. 1967 Vision and touch. Scientific American, 216, 96-104.
RYAN, T. A. 1940 Interrelations of the sensory systems in perception. Psychological Bulletin, 37, 659-698.
SERRAT, W. B. & KARWOSKI, T. 1936 An investigation of the effect of auditory stimulation on visual sensitivity. Journal of Experimental Poycholog r, 19, 604-611.
SHIGEHISA, PHYLLIS M. J. 1972 The effect of various intensities of auditory stimuli on visual sensitivity in relation to extraversion. Unpublished master's dissertation, University of Aberdeen.
SHICEHISA, T. 1972 An investigation of intersensory effects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Aberdeen.
SHIGEHISA, T. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973a Effect of intensity of visual stimulation on auditory sensitivity in relation to personality. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 205-213.
SHIGEHISA, T. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973b Reliability of auditory responses under increasing intensity of visual stimulation in relation to personality. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 375-381.
SHIGEHISA, T., SHICEHISA, PHYLLIS M. J. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973 Effect of interval between auditory and preceding visual stimuli on auditory sensitivity. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 367-373.
STERN, W. 1935 Allgemeine Psychology auf personalistichen Grundlage. The Hague: Nijhoff. SYMONS, J. R. 1954 An investigation of intersensory relationships. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universty of Reading.
SYMONS, J. R. 1963 The effect of various heteromodal stimuli on visual sensitivity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15, 243-251.
TORII, N. 1962 Shikaku to chokaku no kanseikankogosayo. Nippon Research Center Kenkyukiyo, 2, 26-37.(In Japanese)
WASHBURN, M. F. 1895 Ueber den Einfluss von Gesichtsassociation auf die Raumwahrnehmung der Haut. Philosophische Studien (Wundt), 11, 190-225.
WILSON, M. & WILSON, W. A. Jr. 1962 Intersensory facilitation of learning sets in normal and brain operated monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 931-934.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: [in Japanese]

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BARTLEY, S. H. 1958 Principles of Perception. New York: Harper.
BÖRNSTEIN, W. 1936 On the functional relations of the sense organs to one another, and to the organism as a whole. Journal of General Psychology, 15, 117-131.
BURNHAM, R. W. 1941 Intersensory effects and their relation to memory theory. American Journal of Psychology. 54, 473-489.
BURSILL, A. E. & SHIGEHISA, T. 1972 Heteromodal stimulation, personality and the inverted-U function, Bulletin of British Psychological Society, 25, 70.
CHAPANIS, A., ROUSE, R. O. & SCHACHTER, S. 1949 The effect of inter-sensory stimulation on dark adaptation and night vision. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39, 425-437.
CHILD, I. & WENDT, G. R. 1938 The temporal course of the influence of visual stimulation upon the auditory threshold. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 108-127.
CORCORAN, D. W. J. 1965 Personality and the inverted-U relation. British Journal of Psychology, 56, 267-273.
EYSENCK, H. J. 1959 The Manual of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.
EYSENCK, H. J. 1967 The Biological Basis of Personality. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas.
EYSENCK, H. J. & EYSENCK, S. B. G. 1964 Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.
GILBERT, G. M. 1941 Intersensory facilitation and inhibition. Journal of General Psychology, 24, 381-407.
GRAY, J. A. 1964 Pavlov's Typology. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
GRINOS, W. W. & KIMMEL, H. D. 1959 Compound stimulus transfer for different sense modalities. Psychological Report, 5, 253-260.
HARRIS, J. D. 1950 Some relations between vision and audition. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas.
HARTMAN, G. W. 1935 Gestalt Psychology. New York: Ronald Press. KIMMEL, H. D., HILL, F. A. & FOWLER, R. L. 1962 Inter-sensory generalization incompound classical conditioning. Psychological Report, 11, 631-636.
KLEMM, O. 1909 Lokalization von Sinneseindrucken bei disparaten Nebenreizen. Psychalogische Studien, 5, 73-162.
KRAVKOV, S. V. 1966 Interaction of the sense organs. In A. Leontyev, A. Luriya, & A. Smirnov (Eds.) Psychological Research in the USSR. I. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 218-266.
KUROKI, S. 1937 The influence of light stimulus upon hearing. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 12, 253-269.(In Japanese with English Summary).
LONDON, I. D. 1954 Research on sensory interaction in the Soviet Union. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 531-568.
LOVELESS, N. E., BREBNER, J. & HAMILTON, P. 1970 Bisensory presentation of information. Psychological Bulletin, 73, 161-199.
MARUYAMA, K. 1959a The effect of intersensory tone stimulation on absolute light threshold. Tohoku Psychologica Folio, 17, 51-81.
MARUYAMA, K. I959b KOkakuiki ni oyobosu ikeikankakushigeki toshiteno onkyo no koka. Ohwaki Yoshikazu Kyoja Zaishoku 35 Nen Kinen Shinrigaku Ronbunshu. Ohwaki Kyoju Zaishoku 35 Nen Kinen Shukugakai, 355-372.(In Japanese)
MARUYAMA, K. 1964 Shikaku to chokaku toni arawarcru ikeikanseisogosayo. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 35, 204-216.(In Japanese)
MARUOYAMA, K. 1969 Kankakukansogosayo. In Yagi Ben kanshu/Osaka Ryoji hen, Koza Shinrigaku 3, Kankaku. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.(In Japanese)
MATTHEWS, B. H. C. & LUCZAK, A. K. 1944 Some factors influencing dark adaptation.(Report No.FPRC/577), London: Flying Personnel Research Committee.
MORINACA, S. & NOGUCHI, K. 1969 Kanseikan no sogokanrcn. In Wada YOhei, Oyama Tadasu & Imai Shogo henshu, Kankaku Chikaku Shinrigaku Handbook. Tokyo: Seishinshobo.(In Japanese)
Roch, I. & HARRIS, C. S. 1967 Vision and touch. Scientific American, 216, 96-104.
RYAN, T. A. 1940 Interrelations of the sensory systems in perception. Psychological Bulletin, 37, 659-698.
SERRAT, W. B. & KARWOSKI, T. 1936 An investigation of the effect of auditory stimulation on visual sensitivity. Journal of Experimental Poycholog r, 19, 604-611.
SHIGEHISA, PHYLLIS M. J. 1972 The effect of various intensities of auditory stimuli on visual sensitivity in relation to extraversion. Unpublished master's dissertation, University of Aberdeen.
SHICEHISA, T. 1972 An investigation of intersensory effects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Aberdeen.
SHIGEHISA, T. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973a Effect of intensity of visual stimulation on auditory sensitivity in relation to personality. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 205-213.
SHIGEHISA, T. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973b Reliability of auditory responses under increasing intensity of visual stimulation in relation to personality. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 375-381.
SHIGEHISA, T., SHICEHISA, PHYLLIS M. J. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973 Effect of interval between auditory and preceding visual stimuli on auditory sensitivity. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 367-373.
STERN, W. 1935 Allgemeine Psychology auf personalistichen Grundlage. The Hague: Nijhoff. SYMONS, J. R. 1954 An investigation of intersensory relationships. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universty of Reading.
SYMONS, J. R. 1963 The effect of various heteromodal stimuli on visual sensitivity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15, 243-251.
TORII, N. 1962 Shikaku to chokaku no kanseikankogosayo. Nippon Research Center Kenkyukiyo, 2, 26-37.(In Japanese)
WASHBURN, M. F. 1895 Ueber den Einfluss von Gesichtsassociation auf die Raumwahrnehmung der Haut. Philosophische Studien (Wundt), 11, 190-225.
WILSON, M. & WILSON, W. A. Jr. 1962 Intersensory facilitation of learning sets in normal and brain operated monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 931-934.

Right : BARTLEY, S. H. 1958 Principles of Perception. New York: Harper.
BÖRNSTEIN, W. 1936 On the functional relations of the sense organs to one another, and to the organism as a whole. Journal of General Psychology, 15, 117-131.
BURNHAM, R. W. 1941 Intersensory effects and their relation to memory theory. American Journal of Psychology, 54, 473-489.
BURSILL, A. E. & SHIGEHISA, T. 1972 Heteromodal stimulation, personality and the inverted-U function, Bulletin of British Psychological Society, 25, 70.
CHAPANIS, A., ROUSE, R. O. & SCHACHTER, S. 1949 The effect of inter-sensory stimulation on dark adaptation and night vision. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39, 425-437.
CHILD, I. & WENDT, G. R. 1938 The temporal course of the influence of visual stimulation upon the auditory threshold. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 108-127.
CORCORAN, D. W. J. 1965 Personality and the inverted-U relation. British Journal of Psychology, 56, 267-273.
EYSENCK, H. J. 1959 The Manual of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.
EYSENCK, H. J. 1967 The Biological Basis of Personality. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas.
EYSENCK, H. J. & EYSENCK, S. B. G. 1964 Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.
GILBERT, G. M. 1941 Intersensory facilitation and inhibition. Journal of General Psychology, 24, 381-407.
GRAY, J. A. 1964 Pavlov's Typology. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
GRINGS, W. W. & KIMMEL, H. D. 1959 Compound stimulus transfer for different sense modalities. Psychological Report, 5, 253-260.
HARRIS, J. D. 1950 Some relations between vision and audition. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas.
HARTMAN, G. W. 1935 Gestalt Psychology. New York: Ronald Press.
KIMMEL, H. D., HILL, F. A. & FOWLER, R. L. 1962 Inter-sensory generalization in compound classical conditioning. Psychological Report, 11, 631-636.
KLEMM, O. 1909 Lokalization von Sinneseindrücken bei disparaten Nebenreizen. Psychologische Studien, 5, 73-162.
KRAVKOV, S. V. 1966 Interaction of the sense organs. In A. Leontyev, A. Luriya, & A. Smirnov (Eds.) Psychological Research in the USSR. I. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 218-266.
KUROKI, S. 1937 The influence of light stimulus upon hearing. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 12, 253-269.(In Japanese with English Summary).
LONDON, I. D. 1954 Research on sensory interaction in the Soviet Union. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 531-568.
LOVELESS, N. E., BREBNER, J. & HAMILTON, P. 1970 Bisensory presentation of information. Psychological Bulletin, 73, 161-199.
MARUYAMA, K. 1959a The effect of intersensory tone stimulation on absolute light threshold. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 17, 51-81.
MARUYAMA, K. 1959b Kokakuiki ni oyobosu ikeikankakushigeki toshiteno onkyo no koka. Ohwaki Yoshikazu Kyoju Zaishoku 35 Nen Kinen Shinrigaku Ronbunshu. Ohwaki Kyoju Zaishoku 35 Nen Kinen Shukugakai, 355-372.(In Japanese)
MARUYAMA, K. 1964 Shikaku to chokaku toni arawareru ikeikanseisogosayo. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 35, 204-216.(In Japanese)
MARUYAMA, K. 1969 Kankakukansogosayo. In Yagi Ben kanshu/Osaka Ryoji hen, Koza Shinrigaku 3, Kankaku. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.(In Japanese)
MATTHEWS, B. H. C. & LUCZAK, A. K. 1944 Some factors influencing dark adaptation.(Report No. FPRC/577), London: Flying Personnel Research Committee.
MORINAGA, S. & NOGUCHI, K. 1969 Kanseikan no sogokanren. In Wada Yohei, Oyama Tadasu & Imai Shogo henshu, Kankaku Chikaku Shinrigaku Handbook. Tokyo: Seishinshobo.(In Japanese)
ROCK, I. & HARRIS, C. S. 1967 Vision and touch. Scientific American, 216, 96-104.
RYAN, T. A. 1940 Interrelations of the sensory systems in perception. Psychological Bulletin, 37, 659-698.
SERRAT, W. B. & KARWOSKI, T. 1936 An investigation of the effect of auditory stimulation on visual sensitivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19, 604-611.
SHIGEHISA, PHYLLIS M. J. 1972 The effect of various intensities of auditory stimuli on visual sensitivity in relation to extraversion. Unpublished master's dissertation, University of Aberdeen.
SHIGEHISA, T. 1972 An investigation of intersensory effects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Aberdeen.
SHIGEHISA, T. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973a Effect of intensity of visual stimulation on auditory sensitivity in relation to personality. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 205-213.
SHIGEHISA, T. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973b Reliability of auditory responses under increasing intensity of visual stimulation in relation to personality. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 375-381.
SHIGEHISA, T., SHIGEHISA, PHYLLIS M. J. & SYMONS, J. R. 1973 Effect of interval between auditory and preceding visual stimuli on auditory sensitivity. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 367-373.
STERN, W. 1935 Allgemeine Psychology auf personalistichen Grundlage. The Hague: Nijhoff.
SYMONS, J. R. 1954 An investigation of intersensory relationships. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universty of Reading.
SYMONS, J. R. 1963 The effect of various heteromodal stimuli on visual sensitivity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15, 243-251.
TORII, N. 1962 Shikaku to chokaku no kanseikankogosayo. Nippon Research Center Kenkyukiyo, 2, 26-37.(In Japanese)
WASHBURN, M. F. 1895 Ueber den Einfluss von Gesichtsassociation auf die Raumwahrnehmung der Haut. Philosophische Studien (Wundt), 11, 190-225.
WILSON, M. & WILSON, W. A. Jr. 1962 Intersensory facilitation of learning sets in normal and brain operated monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 931-934.

Abstract

Visual thresholds were determined in 3 types of S by a modified method of limits under 5 intensities of a 1 KHz pure tone. An analysis of variance of the data showed significant results for personality group and its interaction with intensity conditions. Under medium and strong intensities of tone, visual sensitivity “decreased” in introverts, and “increased” in extraverts with a greater increase at strong than medium intensities. In ambiverts it increased under strong intensity only. Non-significance of the intensity effect suggested visual dominance over auditory stimulation. Significant correlations between EPI E (but not N) scale scores and sensitivity change indicated the more extraverted the S is, the greater the increase in visual sensitivity. The results supported the proposed hypotheses.

Corresponding author

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