DUAL-ENCODING HYPOTHESIS IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY HOW DOES THE NATURE OF INTERPOLATED TASK AFFECT INFORMATION LOSS?

YUJI HAKODA; SACHIO NAKAMIZO

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.17.91

DUAL-ENCODING HYPOTHESIS IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY

HOW DOES THE NATURE OF INTERPOLATED TASK AFFECT INFORMATION LOSS?

YUJI HAKODA, SACHIO NAKAMIZO

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1975 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 91-97

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.17.91

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Published: July 30, 1975 Received: February 21, 1975 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : BADDELEY, A. D. 1964 Semantic and acoustic similarity in short-term memory. Nature, 204, 1116-1117.
ONRAD, R. 1962 An association between memory errors and errors due to acoustic masking of speech. Nature, 193, 1314-1315.
CONRAD, R. 1963 Acoustic confusion and memory span for words. Nature, 197, 1029-1030.
CONRAD, R. 1964 Acoustic confustions in immediate memory. British Journal of Psychology, 55, 75-84.
HABER, R. N. 1971 Where are the visions in visual perception? In Segal, J. S. (Ed.), Imagery. New York : Academic Press.
HABER, R. N., & HERSHENSON, M. 1973 The psychology of visual perception. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
HEYER, K., & BARRETT, B. 1971 Selective loss of visual and verbal information in STM by means of visual and verbal interpolated tasks. Psychonomic Science, 25, 100-102.
MASSARO, D. W. 1972 Perceptual images, processing time, and perceptual units in auditory perception. Psychological Review, 79, 124-145.
NEISSER, U. 1967 Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
POSNER, M. I., & KEELE, S. W. 1967 Decay of visual information from a single letter. Science, 158, 137-139.
POSNER, M. I., BOIES, S. J., EICHELMAN, W. H., & TAYLOR, R. L. 1969 Retention of visual and name codes of single letters. 79, 1-16.
SPERLING, G. 1960 The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monograph, 74, 11 (Whole No. 498).

Right : BADDELEY, A. D. 1964 Semantic and acoustic similarity in short-term memory. Nature, 204, 1116-1117.
CONRAD, R. 1962 An association between memory errors and errors due to acoustic masking of speech. Nature, 193, 1314-1315.
CONRAD, R. 1963 Acoustic confusion and memory span for words. Nature, 197, 1029-1030.
CONRAD, R. 1964 Acoustic confustions in immediate memory. British Journal of Psychology, 55, 75-84.
HABER, R. N. 1971 Where are the visions in visual perception? In Segal, J. S.(Ed.), Imagery. New York: Academic Press.
HABER, R. N., & HERSHENSON, M. 1973 The psychology of visual perception. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
HEYER, K., & BARRETT, B. 1971 Selective loss of visual and verbal information in STM by means of visual and verbal interpolated tasks. Psychonomic Science, 25, 100-102.
MASSARO, D. W. 1972 Perceptual images, processing time, and perceptual units in auditory perception. Psychological Review, 79, 124-145.
NEISSER, U. 1967 Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
POSNER, M. I., & KEELE, S. W. 1967 Decay of visual information from a single letter. Science, 158, 137-139.
POSNER, M. I., BOIES, S. J., EICHELMAN, W. H., & TAYLOR, R. L. 1969 Retention of visual and name codes of single letters. 79, 1-16.
SPERLING, G. 1960 The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monograph, 74, 11 (Whole No.498).

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : 2 experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the encoding in the short-term memory system is 2 dimensional in nature. Experiment I was designed to retest Heyer and Barrett's hypothesis under the conditions of similar and dissimilar interpolated stimuli. The results of Experiment I indicated that the identity information was encoded both acoustically and pictorially and that the position information was encoded pictorially. Experiment II was designed to examine the effect of time lapse on the dual-encoding. The result suggested that 200 msec after the offset of the original stimulus, position information was encoded pictorially and identity information was encoded pictorially and acoustically in the STM-system. The dual-encoding model were proposed based on the results of these experiments.
Right : 2 experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the encoding in the shortterm memory system is 2 dimensional in nature. Experiment I was designed to retest Heyer and Barrett's hypothesis under the conditions of similar and dissimilar interpolated stimuli. The results of Experiment I indicated that the identity information was encoded both acoustically and pictorially and that the position information was encoded pictorially. Experiment II was designed to examine the effect of time lapse on the dual-encoding. The result suggested that 200 msec after the offset of the original stimulus, position information was encoded pictorially and identity information was encoded pictorially and acoustically in the STM-system. The dual-encoding model were proposed based on the results of these experiments.

Abstract

2 experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the encoding in the shortterm memory system is 2 dimensional in nature. Experiment I was designed to retest Heyer and Barrett's hypothesis under the conditions of similar and dissimilar interpolated stimuli. The results of Experiment I indicated that the identity information was encoded both acoustically and pictorially and that the position information was encoded pictorially. Experiment II was designed to examine the effect of time lapse on the dual-encoding. The result suggested that 200 msec after the offset of the original stimulus, position information was encoded pictorially and identity information was encoded pictorially and acoustically in the STM-system. The dual-encoding model were proposed based on the results of these experiments.

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