DELAYED PREFERENCE BEHAVIOR IN RELATION TO COGNITIVE STYLES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

ATSUSHI INOUYE; SHOHJI SATO

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.19.193

ATSUSHI INOUYE, SHOHJI SATO

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1977 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 193-198

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.19.193

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Published: March 30, 1978 Received: August 01, 1977 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : In order to determine how delayed preference behavior is related t ocognitive style, 262 kindergarten children, ranging from five to six years, were administered Kagan's MFF and a delay of gratification test, which was constructed in accordance with the basic paradigm developed by Mischel et al. The results revealed that older children elicited significantly more delayed behavior than younger children, and that contrary to the results of previous works, slow-inaccurate older children delayed significantly more than those in the other three MFF quadrants. There were no significant differences among these three groups. No significant evidence of the relationship between delayed behavior and cognitive styles was obtained for younger children. The possible implications of these findings were discussed.
Right : In order to determine how delayed preference behavior is related to cognitive style, 262 kindergarten children, ranging from five to six years, were administered Kagan's MFF and a delay of gratification test, which was constructed in accordance with the basic paradigm developed by Mischel et al. The results revealed that older children elicited significantly more delayed behavior than younger children, and that contrary to the results of previous works, slow-inaccurate older children delayed significantly more than those in the other three MFF quadrants. There were no significant differences among these three groups. No significant evidence of the relationship between delayed behavior and cognitive styles was obtained for younger children. The possible implications of these findings were discussed.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : ACHENBACH, T. M., & WEISZ, J. R. 1975 Impulsivity-reflectivity and cognitive development in preschoolers: A longitudinal analysis of developmental and trait variance. Developmental Psychology, 11, 413-414.
AULT, R. L. 1973 Problem-solving strategies of reflective, impulsive, fast-accurate, and slowinaccurate children. Child Development, 44, 259-266.
INOUYE, A., & SATO, S. 1977 Delayed preference behavior in children. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education, Mayazaki University, Humanistic Science, 42, 137-143.
KAGAN, J. 1965 Impulsive and reflective children: Significance of conceptual tempo. In J. D. Krumboltz (Ed.), Learning and the educational process. Chicago: Rand McNally.
KAGAN, J., ROSMAN, B. L., DAY, D., ALBERT, J., & PHILLIPS, W. 1964 Information processing in the child: Significance of analytic and reflective attitudes. Psychological Monographs 78, No, 1 (Whole No. 578).
KOGAN, N. 1976 Cognitive styles in infancy and early childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
KANN, L. 1973 Differences between reflective and impulsive children in tempo and quality of decision making. Child Development, 44, 274-279.
MESSER, S. B. 1976 Reflection-impulsivity: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1026-1052.
MISCHEL, W. 1974 Research and theory on delay of gratification. In B. A. Maher (Ed.), Progress in experimental personality research. Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press.
MISCHEL, W. 1976 Introduction to personality. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
MISCHEL, W., & METZNER, R. 1962 Preference for delayed reward as a function of age, intelligence, and length of delay interval. journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 425-431.
MISCHEL, W., EBBESEN, E. B., & ZEISS, A. 1972 Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 204-218.
NISAN, M. 1974 Imposed inhibition and delay of gratification. Child Development, 45, 1089-1092.
TONER, I. J., HOLSTEIN, R. B., & HETHERINGTON, E. M. 1977 Reflection-impulsivity and selfcontrol in preschool children. Child Development, 48, 239-245.
WARD, W. C. 1973 Disadvantaged children and their first school experiences: Development of selfregulatory behaviors (PR_??_18). Princeton, N J : Educational Testing Service.

Right : ACHENBACH, T. M., & WEISZ, J. R. 1975 Impulsivity-reflectivity and cognitive development in preschoolers: A longitudinal analysis of developmental and trait variance. Developmental Psychology, 11, 413-414.
AULT, R. L. 1973 Problem-solving strategies of reflective, impulsive, fast-accurate, and slow inaccurate children. Child Development, 44, 259-266.
INOUYE, A., & SATO, S. 1977 Delayed preference behavior in children. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education, Miyazaki University, Humanistic Science, 42, 137-143.
KAGAN, J. 1965 Impulsive and reflective children: Significance of conceptual tempo. In J. D. Krumboltz (Ed.), Learning and the educational process. Chicago: Rand McNally.
KAGAN, J., ROSMAN, B. L., DAY, D., ALBERT, J., & PHILLrns, W. 1964 Information processing in the child: Significance of analytic and reflective attitudes. Psychological Monographs 78, No, 1 (Whole No.578).
KOGAN, N. 1976 Cognitive styles in infancy and early childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
MANN, L. 1973 Differences between reflective and impulsive children in tempo and quality of decision making. Child Development, 44, 274-279.
MESSER, S. B. 1976 Reflection-impulsivity: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1026-1052.
MISCHEL, W. 1974 Research and theory on delay of gratification. In B. A. Maher (Ed.), Progress in experimental personality research. Vol.2. New York: Academic Press.
MISCHEL, W. 1976 Introduction to personality. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
MISCHEL, W., & METZNER, R. 1962 Preference for delayed reward as a function of age, intelligence, and length of delay interval. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 425-431.
MISCHEL, W., EBBESEN, E. B., & ZEISS, A. 1972 Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 204-218.
NISAN, M. 1974 Imposed inhibition and delay of gratification. Child Development, 45, 1089-1092.
TONER, I. J., HOLSTEIN, R. B., & HETHERINGTON, E. M. 1977 Reflection-impulsivity and selfcontrol in preschool children. Child Development, 48, 239-245.
WARD, W. C. 1973 Disadvantaged children and their first school experiences: Development of selfregulatory behaviors (PR-73-18). Princeton, N J: Educational Testing Service.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : ACHENBACH, T. M., & WEISZ, J. R. 1975 Impulsivity-reflectivity and cognitive development in preschoolers: A longitudinal analysis of developmental and trait variance. Developmental Psychology, 11, 413-414.
AULT, R. L. 1973 Problem-solving strategies of reflective, impulsive, fast-accurate, and slow inaccurate children. Child Development, 44, 259-266.
INOUYE, A., & SATO, S. 1977 Delayed preference behavior in children. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education, Miyazaki University, Humanistic Science, 42, 137-143.
KAGAN, J. 1965 Impulsive and reflective children: Significance of conceptual tempo. In J. D. Krumboltz (Ed.), Learning and the educational process. Chicago: Rand McNally.
KAGAN, J., ROSMAN, B. L., DAY, D., ALBERT, J., & PHILLrns, W. 1964 Information processing in the child: Significance of analytic and reflective attitudes. Psychological Monographs 78, No, 1 (Whole No.578).
KOGAN, N. 1976 Cognitive styles in infancy and early childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
MANN, L. 1973 Differences between reflective and impulsive children in tempo and quality of decision making. Child Development, 44, 274-279.
MESSER, S. B. 1976 Reflection-impulsivity: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1026-1052.
MISCHEL, W. 1974 Research and theory on delay of gratification. In B. A. Maher (Ed.), Progress in experimental personality research. Vol.2. New York: Academic Press.
MISCHEL, W. 1976 Introduction to personality. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
MISCHEL, W., & METZNER, R. 1962 Preference for delayed reward as a function of age, intelligence, and length of delay interval. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 425-431.
MISCHEL, W., EBBESEN, E. B., & ZEISS, A. 1972 Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 204-218.
NISAN, M. 1974 Imposed inhibition and delay of gratification. Child Development, 45, 1089-1092.
TONER, I. J., HOLSTEIN, R. B., & HETHERINGTON, E. M. 1977 Reflection-impulsivity and selfcontrol in preschool children. Child Development, 48, 239-245.
WARD, W. C. 1973 Disadvantaged children and their first school experiences: Development of selfregulatory behaviors (PR-73-18). Princeton, N J: Educational Testing Service.

Right : ACHENBACH, T. M., & WEISZ, J. R. 1975 Impulsivity-reflectivity and cognitive development in preschoolers: A longitudinal analysis of developmental and trait variance. Developmental Psychology, 11, 413-414.
AULT, R. L. 1973 Problem-solving strategies of reflective, impulsive, fast-accurate, and slow-inaccurate children. Child Development, 44, 259-266.
INOUYE, A., & SATO, S. 1977 Delayed preference behavior in children. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education, Miyazaki University, Humanistic Science, 42, 137-143.
KAGAN, J. 1965 Impulsive and reflective children: Significance of conceptual tempo. In J. D. Krumboltz (Ed.), Learning and the educational process. Chicago: Rand McNally.
KAGAN, J., ROSMAN, B. L., DAY, D., ALBERT, J., & PHILLIPS, W. 1964 Information processing in the child: Significance of analytic and reflective attitudes. Psychological Monographs 78, No.1 (Whole No.578).
KOGAN, N. 1976 Cognitive styles in infancy and early childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
MANN, L. 1973 Differences between reflective and impulsive children in tempo and quality of decision making. Child Development, 44, 274-279.
MESSER, S. B. 1976 Reflection-impulsivity: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1026-1052.
MISCHEL, W. 1974 Research and theory on delay of gratification. In B. A. Maher (Ed.), Progress in experimental personality research. Vol.2. New York: Academic Press.
MISCHEL, W. 1976 Introduction to personality. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
MISCHEL, W., & METZNER, R. 1962 Preference for delayed reward as a function of age, intelligence, and length of delay interval. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 425-431.
MISCHEL, W., EBBESEN, E. B., & ZEISS, A. 1972 Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 204-218.
NISAN, M. 1974 Imposed inhibition and delay of gratification. Child Development, 45, 1089-1092.
TONER, I. J., HOLSTEIN, R. B., & HETHERINGTON, E. M. 1977 Reflection-impulsivity and selfcontrol in preschool children. Child Development, 48, 239-245.
WARD, W. C. 1973 Disadvantaged children and their first school experiences: Development of self-regulatory behaviors (PR-73-18). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Abstract

In order to determine how delayed preference behavior is related to cognitive style, 262 kindergarten children, ranging from five to six years, were administered Kagan's MFF and a delay of gratification test, which was constructed in accordance with the basic paradigm developed by Mischel et al. The results revealed that older children elicited significantly more delayed behavior than younger children, and that contrary to the results of previous works, slow-inaccurate older children delayed significantly more than those in the other three MFF quadrants. There were no significant differences among these three groups. No significant evidence of the relationship between delayed behavior and cognitive styles was obtained for younger children. The possible implications of these findings were discussed.

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