Different stages of Kanji processing and their relations to functional hemisphere asymmetries

TAKESHI HATTA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.23.27

Different stages of Kanji processing and their relations to functional hemisphere asymmetries

TAKESHI HATTA

Author information

Keywords: laterality, Kanji, physical matching, lexical decision, semantic comparison, processing level

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1981 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 27-36

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.23.27

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Published: June 30, 1981 Received: June 25, 1980 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: November 22, 1980 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: TITLE Details: Wrong : Different stages of Kanji processing and their relations to functional hemisphere asymmetries
Right : Different stages of Kanji processing and their relations to functional hemisphere asymmetries

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : A series of the experiments was conducted to investigate hemisphere specialization for different levels of processing visually presented Kanji (Japanese logograph) stimuli. In the first experiment, subjects made a physical match of the paired Kanji and showed faster RTs to the stimuli in their left visual fields. Subjects performed a lexical decision task in the second experiment, in which bona fide and counterfeit Kanji were presented to either the left or the right visual field, and showed no difference between two visual fields. In the third experiment, subjects judged whether or not the presented Kanji (left/right) appeared in the semantically appropriate side of the visual field. The results suggested a strong left hemisphere contribution. Possible mechanisms for Kanji processing at different levels were discussed within an information processing framework.
Right : A series of the experiments was conducted to investigate hemisphere specialization for different levels of processing visually presented Kanji (Japanese logograph) stimuli. In the first experiment, subjects made a physical match of the paired Kanjis and showed faster RTs to the stimuli in their left visual fields. Subjects performed a lexical decision task in the second experiment, in which bona fide and counterfeit Kanjis were presented to either the left or the right visual field, and showed no difference between two visual fields. In the third experiment, subjects judged whether or not the presented Kanji (left/right) appeared in the semantically appropriate side of the visual field. The results suggested a strong left hemisphere contribution. Possible mechanisms for Kanji processing at different levels were discussed within an information processing framework.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Bradshaw, G. L., Gates, A., & Nettleton, N. C. 1977 Bihemispheric involvement in lexical decisions: Handedness and a possible sex difference. Neuropsychologia, 15, 277-286.
Bradshaw, G. L., Hicks, R. E., & Rose, B. 1979 Lexical discrimination and letter-strings identification in the two visual fields, Brain, 8, 10-18.
Bryden, M. P., & Allard, F. 1976 Visual hemifield differences depending on typeface. Brain and Language, 3, 191-200.
Cohen, G. 1972 Hemispheric differences in a letter classification task. Perception and Psychophysics, 11, 139-142.
Cohen, G. 1973 Hemispheric differences in a serial versus parallel processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 97, 349-356.
Day, J. 1977 Right hemisphere language processing in normal right-handers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 518-528.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. 1972 Hemispheric asymmetry: Verbal and serial encoding of visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 95, 25-31.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. 1973 Attention and hemispheric differences in reaction time during simultaneous audio-visual tasks. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 404-412.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Wallace, G. 1971 Interhemispheric effects on reaction time to verbal and nonverbal visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 87, 415-422.
Hatta, T. 1977a Recognition of Japanese Kanji in the left and right visual fields. Neuropsychologia, 15, 685-688.
Hatta, T. 1977b Hemispheric differences in a categorization matching task. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 48, 141-147.
Hatta, T. 1978 Visual field differences in a mental transformation task. Neuropsychologia, 16, 637-641.
Hatta, T. 1979 Hemisphere asymmetries for physical and semantic congruency matching of visually presented Kanji stimuli. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 50, 273-278.
Hatta, T., & Nakatsuka, Z. 1975 H. N. Handedness Inventory. In S. Ohno (Ed.), Papers in celebration of 63rd birthday of Prof. Ohnishi, Osaka City Universiy. Pp. 224-247.
Hayashi, R., & Hatta, T. 1978 Hemispheric differences in mental rotation task with Kanji stimuli. Psychologia, 21, 210-215.
Kinsbourne, M. 1970 Cerebral basis of asymmetries in attention. Acta Psychologica, 33, 193-201.
Leiber, L. 1976 Lexical decisions in the right and left cerebral hemispheres. Brain and Language, 3, 443-450.
Martin, M. 1978 Hemispheric asymmetries for physical and semantic selection of visually presented words. Neuropsychologia, 16, 717-724.
Moscovitch, M., Scullion, D., & Christie, D. 1976 Early versus late stages of processing and their relation to functional hemispheric asymmetries in face recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 406-416.
Patterson, K., & Bradshaw, J. L. 1975 Differential hemispheric mediation of nonverbal visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 246-252.
Sasanuma, S., Rob, M., Mori, K., & Kobayashi, Y. 1977 Tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Kanji words. Neuropsychologia, 15, 547-553.
Searleman, A. 1977 A review of right hemi- sphere linguistic capabilities. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 503-528.
Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L., Cotton, B., & Wang, W. S. Y. 1979 Visual lateralization effect in reading Chinese characters. Nature, 282, 499- 501.
Zaidel, E. 1977 Unilateral auditory language comprehension on the Token Test following cerebral commissurotomy and hemispherectomy. Neuropsychologia, 15, 1-17.

Right : Bradshaw, G. L., Gates, A., & Nettleton, N. C. 1977 Bihemispheric involvement in lexical decisions: Handedness and a possible sex difference. Neuropsychologia, 15, 277-286.
Bradshaw, G. L., Hicks, R. E., & Rose, B. 1979 Lexical discrimination and letter-strings identification in the two visual fields. Brain, 8, 10-18.
Bryden, M. P., & Allard, F. 1976 Visual hemificld differenccs depending On typefacc. Brain and Language, 3, 191-200.
Cohen, G. 1972 Hemispheric differences in a letter classification task. Perception and Psychophysics, 11, 139-142.
Cohen, G. 1973 Hemispheric differences in a serial versus parallel processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 97, 349-356.
Day, J. 1977 Right hemisphere language processing in normal right-handers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 518-528.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. 1972 Hemispheric asymmetry: Verbal and serial encoding of visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 95, 25-31.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. 1973 Attention and hemispheric differences in reaction time during simultaneous audio-visual tasks. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 404-412.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Wallace, G. 1971 Interhemispheric effects on reaction time to verbal and nonverbal visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 87, 415-422.
Hatta, T. I977a Recognition of Japanese Kanji in the left and right visual fields. Neuropsychologia, 15, 685-688.
Hatta, T. 1977b Hemispheric differences in a categorization matching task. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 48, 141-147.
Hatta, T. 1978 Visual field differences in a mental transformation task. Neuropsychologia, 16, 637-641.
Hatta, T. 1979 Hemisphere asymmetries for physical and semantic congruency matching of visually presented Kanji stimuli. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 50, 273-278.
Hatta, T., & Nakatsuka, Z. 1975 H. N. Handedness Inventory. In S. Ohno (Ed.), Papers in celebration of 63rd birthday of Prof. Ohnishi, Osaka City University. Pp.224-247.
Hayashi, R., & Hatta, T. 1978 Hemispheric differences in mental rotation task with Kanji stimuli. Psychologia, 21, 210-215.
Kinsbourne, M. 1970 Cerebral basis of asymmetries in attention. Acta Psychologica, 33, 193-201.
Leiber, L. 1976 Lexical decisions in the right and left cerebral hemispheres. Brain and Language, 3, 443-450.
Martin, M. 1978 Hemispheric asymmetries for physical and semantic selection of visually presented words. Neuropsychologia, 16, 717-724.
Moscovitch, M., Scullion, D., & Christie, D. 1976 Early versus late stages of processing and their relation to functional hemispheric asymmetries in face recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 406-416.
Patterson, K., & Bradshaw, J. L. 1975 Differential hemispheric mediation of nonverbal visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 246-252.
Sasanuma, S., Itoh, M., Mori, K., & Kobayashi, Y. 1977 Tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Kanji words. Neuropsychologia, 15, 547-553.
Searleman, A. 1977 A review of right hemisphere linguistic capabilities. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 503-528.
Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L., Cotton, B., & Wang, W. S. Y. 1979 Visual lateralization effect in reading Chinese characters. Nature, 282, 499-501.
Zaidel, E. 1977 Unilateral auditory language comprehension on the Token Test following cerebral commissurotomy and hemispherectomy. Neuropsychologia, 15, 1-17.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Bradshaw, G. L., Gates, A., & Nettleton, N. C. 1977 Bihemispheric involvement in lexical decisions: Handedness and a possible sex difference. Neuropsychologia, 15, 277-286.
Bradshaw, G. L., Hicks, R. E., & Rose, B. 1979 Lexical discrimination and letter-strings identification in the two visual fields. Brain, 8, 10-18.
Bryden, M. P., & Allard, F. 1976 Visual hemificld differenccs depending On typefacc. Brain and Language, 3, 191-200.
Cohen, G. 1972 Hemispheric differences in a letter classification task. Perception and Psychophysics, 11, 139-142.
Cohen, G. 1973 Hemispheric differences in a serial versus parallel processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 97, 349-356.
Day, J. 1977 Right hemisphere language processing in normal right-handers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 518-528.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. 1972 Hemispheric asymmetry: Verbal and serial encoding of visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 95, 25-31.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. 1973 Attention and hemispheric differences in reaction time during simultaneous audio-visual tasks. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 404-412.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Wallace, G. 1971 Interhemispheric effects on reaction time to verbal and nonverbal visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 87, 415-422.
Hatta, T. I977a Recognition of Japanese Kanji in the left and right visual fields. Neuropsychologia, 15, 685-688.
Hatta, T. 1977b Hemispheric differences in a categorization matching task. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 48, 141-147.
Hatta, T. 1978 Visual field differences in a mental transformation task. Neuropsychologia, 16, 637-641.
Hatta, T. 1979 Hemisphere asymmetries for physical and semantic congruency matching of visually presented Kanji stimuli. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 50, 273-278.
Hatta, T., & Nakatsuka, Z. 1975 H. N. Handedness Inventory. In S. Ohno (Ed.), Papers in celebration of 63rd birthday of Prof. Ohnishi, Osaka City University. Pp.224-247.
Hayashi, R., & Hatta, T. 1978 Hemispheric differences in mental rotation task with Kanji stimuli. Psychologia, 21, 210-215.
Kinsbourne, M. 1970 Cerebral basis of asymmetries in attention. Acta Psychologica, 33, 193-201.
Leiber, L. 1976 Lexical decisions in the right and left cerebral hemispheres. Brain and Language, 3, 443-450.
Martin, M. 1978 Hemispheric asymmetries for physical and semantic selection of visually presented words. Neuropsychologia, 16, 717-724.
Moscovitch, M., Scullion, D., & Christie, D. 1976 Early versus late stages of processing and their relation to functional hemispheric asymmetries in face recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 406-416.
Patterson, K., & Bradshaw, J. L. 1975 Differential hemispheric mediation of nonverbal visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 246-252.
Sasanuma, S., Itoh, M., Mori, K., & Kobayashi, Y. 1977 Tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Kanji words. Neuropsychologia, 15, 547-553.
Searleman, A. 1977 A review of right hemisphere linguistic capabilities. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 503-528.
Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L., Cotton, B., & Wang, W. S. Y. 1979 Visual lateralization effect in reading Chinese characters. Nature, 282, 499-501.
Zaidel, E. 1977 Unilateral auditory language comprehension on the Token Test following cerebral commissurotomy and hemispherectomy. Neuropsychologia, 15, 1-17.

Right : Bradshaw, G. L., Gates, A., & Nettleton, N. C. 1977 Bihemispheric involvement in lexical decisions: Handedness and a possible sex difference. Neuropsychologia, 15, 277-286.
Bradshaw, G. L., Hicks, R. E., & Rose, B. 1979 Lexical discrimination and letter-strings identification in the two visual fields. Brain, 8, 10-18.
Bryden, M. P., & Allard, F. 1976 Visual hemifield differences depending on typeface. Brain and Language, 3, 191-200.
Cohen, G. 1972 Hemispheric differences in a letter classification task. Perception and Psychophysics, 11, 139-142.
Cohen, G. 1973 Hemispheric differences in a serial versus parallel processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 97, 349-356.
Day, J. 1977 Right hemisphere language processing in normal right-handers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 518-528.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. 1972 Hemispheric asymmetry: Verbal and serial encoding of visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 95, 25-31.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. 1973 Attention and hemispheric differences in reaction time during simultaneous audio-visual tasks. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 404-412.
Geffen, G., Bradshaw, J. L., & Wallace, G. 1971 Interhemispheric effects on reaction time to verbal and nonverbal visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 87, 415-422.
Hatta, T. 1977a Recognition of Japanese Kanji in the left and right visual fields. Neuropsychologia, 15, 685-688.
Hatta, T. 1977b Hemispheric differences in a categorization matching task. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 48, 141-147.
Hatta, T. 1978 Visual field differences in a mental transformation task. Neuropsychologia, 16, 637-641.
Hatta, T. 1979 Hemisphere asymmetries for physical and semantic congruency matching of visually presented Kanji stimuli. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 50, 273-278.
Hatta, T., & Nakatsuka, Z. 1975 H. N. Handedness Inventory. In S. Ohno (Ed.), Papers in celebration of 63rd birthday of Prof. Ohnishi, Osaka City University. Pp.224-247.
Hayashi, R., & Hatta, T. 1978 Hemispheric differences in mental rotation task with Kanji stimuli. Psychologia, 21, 210-215.
Kinsbourne, M. 1970 Cerebral basis of asymmetries in attention. Acta Psychologica, 33, 193-201.
Leiber, L. 1976 Lexical decisions in the right and left cerebral hemispheres. Brain and Language, 3, 443-450.
Martin, M. 1978 Hemispheric asymmetries for physical and semantic selection of visually presented words. Neuropsychologia, 16, 717-724.
Moscovitch, M., Scullion, D., & Christie, D. 1976 Early versus late stages of processing and their relation to functional hemispheric asymmetries in face recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 406-416.
Patterson, K., & Bradshaw, J. L. 1975 Differential hemispheric mediation of nonverbal visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 246-252.
Sasanuma, S., Itoh, M., Mori, K., & Kobayashi, Y. 1977 Tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Kanji words. Neuropsychologia, 15, 547-553.
Searleman, A. 1977 A review of right hemisphere linguistic capabilities. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 503-528.
Tzeng, O.J.L., Hung, D. L., Cotton, B., & Wang, W. S. Y. 1979 Visual lateralization effect in reading Chinese characters. Nature, 282, 499-501.
Zaidel, E. 1977 Unilateral auditory language comprehension on the Token Test following cerebral commissurotomy and hemispherectomy. Neuropsychologia, 15, 1-17.

Abstract

A series of the experiments was conducted to investigate hemisphere specialization for different levels of processing visually presented Kanji (Japanese logograph) stimuli. In the first experiment, subjects made a physical match of the paired Kanjis and showed faster RTs to the stimuli in their left visual fields. Subjects performed a lexical decision task in the second experiment, in which bona fide and counterfeit Kanjis were presented to either the left or the right visual field, and showed no difference between two visual fields. In the third experiment, subjects judged whether or not the presented Kanji (left/right) appeared in the semantically appropriate side of the visual field. The results suggested a strong left hemisphere contribution. Possible mechanisms for Kanji processing at different levels were discussed within an information processing framework.

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