Effects of dot density and duration of mask stimulus upon visual backward masking

TADASHI KIKUCHI

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.23.37

TADASHI KIKUCHI

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Keywords: visual backward masking, dot density, mask duration, critical interstimulus interval

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1981 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 37-42

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.23.37

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Published: June 30, 1981 Received: July 23, 1980 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: March 28, 1981 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Corwin, T. R., & Zammansky, H. S. 1976 Effects of texture on visual noise masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 162-166.
Goryo, K. 1969 Visual masking by random patterns. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, Tokyo, 116. (In Japanese)
Hellige, J. B., Walsh, D. A., Lawrence, V. W., & Prass, M. 1979 Figural relationship effects and mechanisms of visual masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 5, 88-100.
Jacobson, J. Z. 1974 Interaction of similarity to words of visual masks and targets. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 431-434.
Kahneman, D. 1968 Methods, findings, and theory in studies of visual masking. Psychological Bulletin, 70, 404-425.
Kinsbourne, M., & Warrington, E. K. 1962a The effect on an aftercoming random pattern on the perception of brief visual stimuli. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14, 223-224.
Kinsbourne, M., & Warrington, E. K. 1962b Further studies on the masking of brief visual stimuli by a random pattern. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14, 235-245.
Matsuda, T. 1971 Visual recognition of quantized kata-kana letters under forward and backward masking by random noise. Japanese Psychological Research, 13, 137-147.
Michaels, C. F., & Turvey, M. T. 1979 Central sources of visual masking: Indexing structures supporting seeing at a single, brief glance. Psychological Research, 41, 1-61.
Scheerer, E. 1973 Integration, interruption, and processing rate in visual backward masking. Psychologische Forshung, 36, 71-93.
Schiller, P. H. 1966 Forward and backward masking as a function of relative overlap and intensity of test and masking stimuli. Perception and Psychophysics, 1, 161-164.
Sekuler, R. W. 1965 Spatial and temporal determinants of visual backward masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 401-406.
Turvey, M. T. 1973 On peripheral and central processes in vision: Inferences from an information-processing analysis of masking with patterned stimuli. Psychological Review, 80, 1-52.
Uttal, W. R. 1971 The effect of interval and number on masking with dot bursts. Perception and Psychophysics, 9, 469-473.

Right : Corwin, T. R., & Zammansky, H. S. 1976 Effects of texture on visual noise masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 162-166.
Goryo, K. 1969 Visual masking by random patterns. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, Tokyo, 116.(In Japanese)
Hellige, J. B., Walsh, D. A., Lawrence, V. W., & Prass, M. 1979 Figural relationship effects and mechanisms of visual masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 5, 88-100.
Jacobson, J. Z. 1974 Interaction of similarity to words of visual masks and targets. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 431-434.
Kahneman, D. 1968 Methods, findings, and theory in studies of visual masking. Psychological Bulletin, 70, 404-425.
Kinsbourne, M., & Warrington, E. K. 1962a The effect on an aftercoming random pattern on the perception of brief visual stimuli. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14, 223-224.
Kinsbourne, M., & Warrington, E. K. 1962b Further studies on the masking of brief visual stimuli by a random pattern. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14, 235-245.
Matsuda, T. 1971 Visual recognition of quantized kata-kana letters under forward and backward masking by random noise. Japanese Psychological Research, 13, 137-147.
Michaels, C. F., & Turvey, M. T. 1979 Central sources of visual masking: Indexing structures supporting seeing at a single, brief glance. Psychological Research, 41, 1-61.
Scheerer, E. 1973 Integration, interruption, and processing rate in visual backward masking. Psychologische Forshung, 36, 71-93.
Schiller, P. H. 1966 Forward and backward masking as a function of relative overlap and intensity of test and masking stimuli. Perception and Psychophysics, 1, 161-164.
Sekuler, R. W. 1965 Spatial and temporal determinants of visual backward masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 401-406.
Turvey, M. T. 1973 On peripheral and central processes in vision: Inferences from an information-processing analysis of masking with patterned stimuli. Psychological Review, 80, 1-52.
Uttal, W. R. 1971 The effect of interval and number on masking with dot bursts. Perception and Psychophysics, 9, 469-473.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Abstract

The mask effectiveness was measured in terms of critical ISI, varying dot density and duration of the mask. The resulting curves were inversed U-shaped functions of random dot density, indicating that the maximal effectiveness of the mask was obtained at about 50% dot density. As the mask duration increased, the U-shaped curves became more symmetrical. This effect was primarily due to an increase in the masking magnitude at lower dot density levels. At higher dot density levels, the mask effectiveness was nearly constant for mask durations of 5 ms or longer, depending upon dot density. The results suggest that a main factor of this type of masking is a confusion in a composite perceptual image which contains a representation of both the target and the mask.

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