Effect of familiarity and autoprocessing of irrelevant stimulus on the processing of relevant stimuli

AKIRA ISHIGUCHI

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.28.41

AKIRA ISHIGUCHI

Author information

Keywords: familiarity, autoprocessing, irrelevant stimuli, repetition effects, encodability, processing levels

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1986 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 41-45

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.28.41

Details

Published: April 30, 1986 Received: May 12, 1984 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: November 09, 1985 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Effects of familiarity of the irrelevant stimulus on the processing of the relevant stimuli was examined. The task in Exp. 1 was of odd-even matching between two digits (relevant stimuli), which was considered as a high level processing, and that in Exp. 2 was of physical matching, which was considered as a low level processing task. In both experiments, one Chinese character (irrelevant stimulus) was presented at the center between two digits in each test trials. In the high familiarity condition (SO), the irrelevant stimuli were presented repeatedly in a memorization session, while in the low familiarity condition (SN), thry were merely presented before the actual task. The results were that when the task required a low level processing (Exp. 2), the irrelevant stimulus, both in the high familiarity condition (SO) and in the low familiarity condition (SN), had the inhibitory cffect upon the encoding of the relevant stimuli, but in the task which required a high level processing (Exp. 1) the irrelevant stimulus with high familiarity (SO) had the effect of indirect facilitation. Interaction between the effect of familiarity and the level of processing was discussed.
Right : Effects of familiarity of the irrelevant stimulus on the processing of the relevant stimuli was examined. The task in Exp. I was of odd-even matching between two digits (relevant stimuli), which was considered as a high level processing, and that in Exp. 2 was of physical matching, which was considered as a low level processing task. In both experiments, one Chinese character (irrelevant stimulus) was presented at the center between two digits in each test trials. In the high familiarity condition (SO), the irrelevant stimuli were presented repeatedly in a memorization session, while in the low familiarity condition (SN), they were merely presented before the actual task. The results were that when the task required a low level processing (Exp. 2), the irrelevant stimulus, both in the high familiarity condition (SO) and in the low familiarity condition (SN), had the inhibitory effect upon the encoding of the relevant stimuli, but in the task which required a high level processing (Exp. I) the irrelevant stimulus with high familiarity (SO) had the effect of indirect fadlitation. Interaction between the effect of familiarity and the level of processing was discussed.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, University of Tokyo

Right :
1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, University of Tskyo

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: KEYWORD Details: Wrong : familiarity, autoprocessing, irrelcvant stimuli, repctition effects, cneodability, processing levels
Right : familiarity, autoproccssing, irrelevant stiunli, rcpctition clfcras, cucudability, processing levels

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Dyer, F. N. 1973 The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the study of perceptual, cognitive and response processes. Memory and Cognition, 1, 106-120.
Eriksen, C. W., & Hoffman, J. E. 1973 The extent of processing of noise elements during selective encoding from visual displays. Perception _??_ Psychophysics, 14, 155-160.
Garner, W. R. 1974 The processing of information and structure. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gatti, S. V., & Egeth, H. E. 1978 Failure of spatial selectivity in vision. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 11, 181-184.
Kahneman, D., & Henic, A. 1981 Perceptual organization and attention. In M. Kubovy & J. R. Pomerants (Eds.), Perceptual organization. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp. 181-211.
Koler, P. A. 1975 Memorial consequences of automatized encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Learning and Memory, 1, 689-701.
Kraut, A. G., & Smothergill, D. W. 1978 A twofactor theory of stimulus repetition effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 191-197.
Kraut, A. G., Smothergill, D. W., & Farkass, M. S. 1981 Stimulus repetition effects on attention to words and colors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 1303-1311.
National Language Research Institute 1962, 1963, 1964 Vocaburary and Chinese character in ninety magazines of today. Vol. 1-3.
Posner, M. I. 1978 Chronometric explorations of mind. Hillsdale N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Posner, M. I., & Bois, S. 1971 Components of attention. Psychological Review, 78, 391-408.
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. 1977 Controlled and automatic human information processing: H. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
Stroop, J. R. 1935 Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
Winer, B. J. 1971 Statistical principles in experimental design. 2nd ed. New York: MeGraw-Hill.

Right : Dyer, F. N. 1973 The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the study of perceptual, cognitive and response processes. Memory and Cognition, I, 106-120.
Eriksen, C. W., & Hoffman, J. E. 1973 The extent of processing of noise elements during selective encoding from visual displays, Perception Psychoplysics, 14, 155-160.
Garner, AV. R. 1974 The processing of information and structure. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlhaum Associates.
Gatti, S. V., & Egetls, H. E. 1978 Failure of spatial selectivity in vision. Bulletin of the Psrchonomic Society, 11, 181-184.
Kahneman, D., & Ilenic, A. 1981 Perceptual organization and attention.In M. Kubovy & J. R. Pomerants (Eds.), Perceptual organization. Hillsdale, N. J,: Lawrence Erlbaum Associateg. Pp.181-211.
Kole, P. A. 1975 Memorial consequences of automatized encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1, 689-701.
Kraut, A. G., & Smothergill, D. W. 1978 A twofactor theory of stimulus repetition effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 191-197.
Kraut, A. G., Smothergill, D. W., & Farkass, M. S. 1981 Stimulus repetition effects on attention to words and colors. Journal of Experimental Psrchology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 1303-1311.
National Language Research Institute 1962, 1963, 1964 Vocaburary and Chinese character in ninety magazines of today. Vol.1-3.
Posner, M. I.1 978 Chronometric explorations of mind. Hillsdale N. J.: Lawrence Erlhaum Associates. Posner, M. I., & Bois, S, 1971 Components of attention. Psychological Review, 78, 391-408.
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. 1977 Controlled and automatic human information processing: H. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
Stroop, J. R. 1935 Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
Winer, B. J. 1971 Statistical principles in experimental design. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Effects of familiarity of the irrelevant stimulus on the processing of the relevant stimuli was examined. The task in Exp. I was of odd-even matching between two digits (relevant stimuli), which was considered as a high level processing, and that in Exp. 2 was of physical matching, which was considered as a low level processing task. In both experiments, one Chinese character (irrelevant stimulus) was presented at the center between two digits in each test trials. In the high familiarity condition (SO), the irrelevant stimuli were presented repeatedly in a memorization session, while in the low familiarity condition (SN), they were merely presented before the actual task. The results were that when the task required a low level processing (Exp. 2), the irrelevant stimulus, both in the high familiarity condition (SO) and in the low familiarity condition (SN), had the inhibitory effect upon the encoding of the relevant stimuli, but in the task which required a high level processing (Exp. I) the irrelevant stimulus with high familiarity (SO) had the effect of indirect fadlitation. Interaction between the effect of familiarity and the level of processing was discussed.
Right : Effects of familiarity of the irrelevant stimulus on the processing of the relevant stimuli was examined. The task in Exp. I was of odd-even matching between two digits (relevant stimuli), which was considered as a high level processing, and that in Exp. 2 was of physical matching, which was considered as a low level processing task. In both experiments, one Chinese character (irrelevant stimulus) was presented at the center between two digits in each test trials. In the high familiarity condition (SO), the irrelevant stimuli were presented repeatedly in a memorization session, while in the low familiarity condition (SN), they were merely presented before the actual task. The results were that when the task required a low level processing (Exp. 2), the irrelevant stimulus, both in the high familiarity condition (SO) and in the low familiarity condition (SN), had the inhibitory effect upon the encoding of the relevant stimuli, but in the task which required a high level processing (Exp. 1) the irrelevant stimulus with high familiarity (SO) had the effect of indirect facilitation. Interaction between the effect of familiarity and the level of processing was discussed.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, University of Tskyo

Right :
1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, University of Tokyo

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: KEYWORD Details: Wrong : familiarity, autoproccssing, irrelevant stiunli, rcpctition clfcras, cucudability, processing levels
Right : familiarity, autoprocessing, irrelevant stimuli, repetition effects, encodability, processing levels

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Dyer, F. N. 1973 The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the study of perceptual, cognitive and response processes. Memory and Cognition, I, 106-120.
Eriksen, C. W., & Hoffman, J. E. 1973 The extent of processing of noise elements during selective encoding from visual displays, Perception Psychoplysics, 14, 155-160.
Garner, AV. R. 1974 The processing of information and structure. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlhaum Associates.
Gatti, S. V., & Egetls, H. E. 1978 Failure of spatial selectivity in vision. Bulletin of the Psrchonomic Society, 11, 181-184.
Kahneman, D., & Ilenic, A. 1981 Perceptual organization and attention.In M. Kubovy & J. R. Pomerants (Eds.), Perceptual organization. Hillsdale, N. J,: Lawrence Erlbaum Associateg. Pp.181-211.
Kole, P. A. 1975 Memorial consequences of automatized encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1, 689-701.
Kraut, A. G., & Smothergill, D. W. 1978 A twofactor theory of stimulus repetition effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 191-197.
Kraut, A. G., Smothergill, D. W., & Farkass, M. S. 1981 Stimulus repetition effects on attention to words and colors. Journal of Experimental Psrchology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 1303-1311.
National Language Research Institute 1962, 1963, 1964 Vocaburary and Chinese character in ninety magazines of today. Vol.1-3.
Posner, M. I.1 978 Chronometric explorations of mind. Hillsdale N. J.: Lawrence Erlhaum Associates. Posner, M. I., & Bois, S, 1971 Components of attention. Psychological Review, 78, 391-408.
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. 1977 Controlled and automatic human information processing: H. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
Stroop, J. R. 1935 Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
Winer, B. J. 1971 Statistical principles in experimental design. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Right : Dyer, F. N. 1973 The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the study of perceptual, cognitive and response processes. Memory and Cognition, I, 106-120.
Eriksen, C. W., & Hoffman, J. E. 1973 The extent of processing of noise elements during selective encoding from visual displays, Perception & Psychophysics, 14, 155-160.
Garner, W. R. 1974 The processing of information and structure. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gatti, S. V., & Egeth, H. E. 1978 Failure of spatial selectivity in vision. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 11, 181-184.
Kahneman, D., & Henic, A. 1981 Perceptual organization and attention. In M. Kubovy & J. R. Pomerants (Eds.), Perceptual organization. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp.181-211.
Koler, P. A. 1975 Memorial consequences of automatized encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1, 689-701.
Kraut, A. G., & Smothergill, D. W. 1978 A two-factor theory of stimulus repetition effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 191-197.
Kraut, A. G., Smothergill, D. W., & Farkass, M. S. 1981 Stimulus repetition effects on attention to words and colors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 1303-1311.
National Language Research Institute 1962, 1963, 1964 Vocaburary and Chinese character in ninety magazines of today. Vol.1-3.
Posner, M. I. 1978 Chronometric explorations of mind. Hillsdale N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Posner, M. I., & Bois, S. 1971 Components of attention. Psychological Review, 78, 391-408.
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. 1977 Controlled and automatic human information processing: H. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
Stroop, J. R. 1935 Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
Winer, B. J. 1971 Statistical principles in experimental design. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Abstract

Effects of familiarity of the irrelevant stimulus on the processing of the relevant stimuli was examined. The task in Exp. I was of odd-even matching between two digits (relevant stimuli), which was considered as a high level processing, and that in Exp. 2 was of physical matching, which was considered as a low level processing task. In both experiments, one Chinese character (irrelevant stimulus) was presented at the center between two digits in each test trials. In the high familiarity condition (SO), the irrelevant stimuli were presented repeatedly in a memorization session, while in the low familiarity condition (SN), they were merely presented before the actual task. The results were that when the task required a low level processing (Exp. 2), the irrelevant stimulus, both in the high familiarity condition (SO) and in the low familiarity condition (SN), had the inhibitory effect upon the encoding of the relevant stimuli, but in the task which required a high level processing (Exp. 1) the irrelevant stimulus with high familiarity (SO) had the effect of indirect facilitation. Interaction between the effect of familiarity and the level of processing was discussed.

Corresponding author

Correction information

Register with J-STAGE for free!