Intersensory influences on the perception of apparent movement

HIDEKO OHMURA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.29.1

HIDEKO OHMURA

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Keywords: intermodal apparent movement, difference between latencies for stimulus, asymmetrical effect, the transsensory view

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1987 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1-9

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.29.1

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Published: February 25, 1987 Received: August 01, 1985 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: September 20, 1986 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Previous findings on intcrmodal apparent movement indicate that intersensory effect in it is asymmetric with respect to acoustic and visual systems. It has also been suggested that the difference between the latencies for the light stimulus and for the sound stimulus may coincide with the point of maximum facilitation in perception. The present study examined whether stimulation of the visual and auditory modalities acted symmet ically or reciprocally in their influence on each other under the different stimulus-onset asynchronies in apparent motion. The results were as follows: (1) Intersensory effect was asymmetric with respect to acoustic and visual systems, that is, only the effect of visual stimulus on auditory apparent movement was fotmd. (2) There were two kinds in this effect: suppression in the shorter range of SOA and facilitation in the longer range. (3) The difference between the latencies for the single stimuli had no influences on likelihood of perceived movement. These findings are discussed along the transsensory view.
Right : Previous findings on intermodal apparent movement indicate that intersensory effect in it is asymmetric with respect to acoustic and visual systems. It has also been suggested that the difference between the latencies for the light stimulus and for the sound stimulus may coincide with the point of maximum facilitation in perception. The present study examined whether stimulation of the visual and auditory modalities acted symmetrically or reciprocally in their influence on each other under the different stimulus-onset asynchronies in apparent motion. The results were as follows: (1) Intersensory effect was asymmetric with respect to acoustic and visual systems, that is, only the effect of visual stimulus on auditory apparent movement was found. (2) There were two kinds in this effect: suppression in the shorter range of SOA and facilitation in the longer range. (3) The difference between the latencies for the single stimuli had no influences on likelihood of perceived movement. These findings are discussed along the transsensory view.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Aaron, L. 1964 Visual apparcut movement research: Review 1933-1953 and bibliography 1955-1963. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 18, 239-274.
Allen, P. G., & Kolers, P. A. 1981 Sensory specific of apparent motion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 1318-1326.
Briggs, R. M., & Perrott, D. R. 1972 Auditory apparent motion under dichotic listening conditions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 92, 83-91.
Burt, H. E. 1917 Auditory illusions of movement-A preliminary study. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 63-75.
Börenstein, W. 1936 On the functional relations of the sense organs to one another and to the organism as a whole. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 15, 117-131.
Gilbert, G. M. 1939 Dynamic Psycho-physics and the phi phenomenon. Archives of Psychology, 33S (No. 237).
Graham, C. H. 1965 Vision and visual perception. New York: John Wiley.
Hall, K. R. L., & Earle, A. E. 1952 A pendulum phenomenon in the visual perception of apparent movement. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 109-120.
Hall, K. R. L., & Earle, A. E. 1954 A further study of the pendulum phenomenon. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6, 112-124.
Herschenson, M. 1962 Reaction time as a measure of intersensory facilitation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 289-293.
Hilgard, E. R. 1933 Reinforcement and inhibition of eyelid reflexes. Journal of General Psychology, 61, 161-265.
Hornbostel, E. M. von 1927 The unity of the senses. Psyche, 7 (4), 83-89.
Kolers, P. 1972 Aspects of motion perception. New York: Pergamon Press.
Maass, H. 1938 Über den Einfluss Akustischer Rhythmen auf Optische Bewegunfsgestaltungen. Archiv für die gesammte Psychologie, 100, 424-464.
Mills, A. W. 1958 On the minimum audible angle. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 30, 237-246.
Neuhaus, W. 1930 Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Scheinbewegung. Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, 75, 315-458.
Rock, I., & Harris, C. S. 1967 Vision and touch. Scientific America, 216, 96-104.
Schiller, P. 1932a Das optische Verschmertzen in seiner Abhängigkeit von heteromodaler Reizung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 125, 249-288.
Schiller, P. 1932b Die Rauhigkeit als intermodale Erscheinung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 127, 265-289.
Schiller, P. 1935 Interrelation of different senses in perception. British Journal of Psychology, 25, 465-469.
Sherrick, C. E., & Rogers, R. 1966 Apparent haptic movement. Perception _??_ Psychophysics, 1, 175-180.
Shinohara, H. 1985 The basic for the behuavioral science. Vol. 3. Experimental design 2. Tokyo: Nakanishiya Press.
Wertheimer, M. 1912 Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Scheinbewegung. Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, 75, 315-458.
Zapparoli, G. C., & Reatto, L. L. 1969 The apparent movement between visual and acoustic stimulus and the problem of intermodal relations. Acta Psychologica, 29, 256-267.
Zietz, K., & Werner, H. 1928 Über die dynamische Struktur der Bewegung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 105, 226-249.
Zietz, K. 1931 Gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Farb- und Tonerlebnissen. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 121, 257-356.

Right : Aarons, L. 1964 Visual apparent movement research: Review 1935-1955 and bibliography 1955-1963. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 18, 239-274.
Allen, P. G., & Kolers, P. A. 1981 Sensory specific of apparent motion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 1318-1326.
Briggs, R. M., & Perrott, D. R. 1972 Auditory apparent motion under dichotic listening conditions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 92, 83-91.
Burt, H. E. 1917 Auditory illusions of movement-A preliminary study. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 63-75.
Börenstein, W. 1936 On the functional relations of the sense organs to one another and to the organism as a whole. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 15, 117-131.
Gilbert, G. M. 1939 Dynamic Psycho-physics and the phi phenomenon. Archives of Psychology, 33S (No.237).
Graham, C. H. 1965 Vision and visual perception. New York: John Wiley.
Hall, K. R. L., & Earle, A. E. 1952 A pendulum phenomenon in the visual perception of apparent movement. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 109-120.
Hall, K. R. L., & Earle, A. E. 1954 A further study of the pendulum phenomenon. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6, 112-124.
Herschenson, M. 1962 Reaction time as a measure of intersensory facilitation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 289-293.
Hilgard, E. R. 1933 Reinforcement and inhibition of eyelid reflexes, Journal of General Psychology, 61, 161-265.
Hornbostel, E. M. von 1927 The unity of the senses. Psyche, 7 (4), 83-89.
Kolers, P. 1972 Aspects of motion perception. New York: Pergamon Press.
Maass, H. 1938 Über den Einfluss Akustischer Rhythmen auf Optische Bewegunfsgestaltungen. Archiv für die gesammte Psychologie, 100, 424-464.
Mills, A. W. 1958 On the minimum audible angle. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 30, 237-246.
Neuhaus, W. 1930 Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Scheinbewegung. Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, 75, 315-458.
Rock, I., & Harris, C. S. 1967 Vision and touch. Scientific America, 216, 96-104.
Schiller, P. 1932a Das optische Verschmertzen in seiner Abhangigkeit von heteromodaler Reizung. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie, 125, 249-288.
Schiller, P. 1932b Die Rauhigkeit als intermodale Erscheinung. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie, 127, 265-289.
Schiller, P. 1935 Interrelation of different senses in perception. British Journal of Psychology, 25, 465-469.
Sherrick, C. E., & Rogers, R. 1966 Apparent haptic movement. Perception Psychophysics, 1, 175-180.
Shinohara, H. 1985 The basic for the behavioral science. Vol.3. Experimental design 2. Tokyo: Nakanishiya Press.
Wertheimer, M. 1912 Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Scheinbewegung. Archiv fur die gesamte Psychologie, 75, 315-458.
Zapparoli, G. C., & Rcatto, L. L. 1969 The apparent movement between visual and acoustic stimulus and the problem of intermodal relations. Acta Psychologica, 29, 256-267.
Zietz, K., & Werner, H. 1928 Über die dynamische Struktur der Bewegung. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie, 105, 226-249.
Zietz, K. 1931 Gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Farb- und Toncrlebnissen. Zeitschrift füur Psychologie, 121, 257-356.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Aarons, L. 1964 Visual apparent movement research: Review 1935-1955 and bibliography 1955-1963. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 18, 239-274.
Allen, P. G., & Kolers, P. A. 1981 Sensory specific of apparent motion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 1318-1326.
Briggs, R. M., & Perrott, D. R. 1972 Auditory apparent motion under dichotic listening conditions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 92, 83-91.
Burt, H. E. 1917 Auditory illusions of movement-A preliminary study. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 63-75.
Börenstein, W. 1936 On the functional relations of the sense organs to one another and to the organism as a whole. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 15, 117-131.
Gilbert, G. M. 1939 Dynamic Psycho-physics and the phi phenomenon. Archives of Psychology, 33S (No.237).
Graham, C. H. 1965 Vision and visual perception. New York: John Wiley.
Hall, K. R. L., & Earle, A. E. 1952 A pendulum phenomenon in the visual perception of apparent movement. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 109-120.
Hall, K. R. L., & Earle, A. E. 1954 A further study of the pendulum phenomenon. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6, 112-124.
Herschenson, M. 1962 Reaction time as a measure of intersensory facilitation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 289-293.
Hilgard, E. R. 1933 Reinforcement and inhibition of eyelid reflexes, Journal of General Psychology, 61, 161-265.
Hornbostel, E. M. von 1927 The unity of the senses. Psyche, 7 (4), 83-89.
Kolers, P. 1972 Aspects of motion perception. New York: Pergamon Press.
Maass, H. 1938 Über den Einfluss Akustischer Rhythmen auf Optische Bewegunfsgestaltungen. Archiv für die gesammte Psychologie, 100, 424-464.
Mills, A. W. 1958 On the minimum audible angle. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 30, 237-246.
Neuhaus, W. 1930 Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Scheinbewegung. Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, 75, 315-458.
Rock, I., & Harris, C. S. 1967 Vision and touch. Scientific America, 216, 96-104.
Schiller, P. 1932a Das optische Verschmertzen in seiner Abhangigkeit von heteromodaler Reizung. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie, 125, 249-288.
Schiller, P. 1932b Die Rauhigkeit als intermodale Erscheinung. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie, 127, 265-289.
Schiller, P. 1935 Interrelation of different senses in perception. British Journal of Psychology, 25, 465-469.
Sherrick, C. E., & Rogers, R. 1966 Apparent haptic movement. Perception Psychophysics, 1, 175-180.
Shinohara, H. 1985 The basic for the behavioral science. Vol.3. Experimental design 2. Tokyo: Nakanishiya Press.
Wertheimer, M. 1912 Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Scheinbewegung. Archiv fur die gesamte Psychologie, 75, 315-458.
Zapparoli, G. C., & Rcatto, L. L. 1969 The apparent movement between visual and acoustic stimulus and the problem of intermodal relations. Acta Psychologica, 29, 256-267.
Zietz, K., & Werner, H. 1928 Über die dynamische Struktur der Bewegung. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie, 105, 226-249.
Zietz, K. 1931 Gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Farb- und Toncrlebnissen. Zeitschrift füur Psychologie, 121, 257-356.

Right : Aarons, L. 1964 Visual apparent movement research: Review 1935-1955 and bibliography 1955-1963. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 18, 239-274.
Allen, P. G., & Kolers, P. A. 1981 Sensory specific of apparent motion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 1318-1326.
Briggs, R. M., & Perrott, D. R. 1972 Auditory apparent motion under dichotic listening conditions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 92, 83-91.
Burt, H. E. 1917 Auditory illusions of movement-A preliminary study. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 63-75.
Börenstein, W. 1936 On the functional relations of the sense organs to one another and to the organism as a whole. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 15, 117-131.
Gilbert, G. M. 1939 Dynamic Psycho-physics and the phi phenomenon. Archives of Psychology, 33S (No.237).
Graham, C. H. 1965 Vision and visual perception. New York: John Wiley.
Hall, K. R. L., & Earle, A. E. 1952 A pendulum phenomenon in the visual perception of apparent movement. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 109-120.
Hall, K. R. L., & Earle, A. E. 1954 A further study of the pendulum phenomenon. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6, 112-124.
Herschenson, M. 1962 Reaction time as a measure of intersensory facilitation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 289-293.
Hilgard, E. R. 1933 Reinforcement and inhibition of eyelid reflexes, Journal of General Psychology, 61, 161-265.
Hornbostel, E. M. von 1927 The unity of the senses. Psyche, 7 (4), 83-89.
Kolers, P. 1972 Aspects of motion perception. New York: Pergamon Press.
Maass, H. 1938 Über den Einfluss Akustischer Rhythmen auf Optische Bewegunfsgestaltungen. Archiv für die gesammte Psychologie, 100, 424-464.
Mills, A. W. 1958 On the minimum audible angle. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 30, 237-246.
Neuhaus, W. 1930 Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Scheinbewegung. Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, 75, 315-458.
Rock, I., & Harris, C. S. 1967 Vision and touch. Scientific America, 216, 96-104.
Schiller, P. 1932a Das optische Verschmertzen in seiner Abhängigkeit von heteromodaler Reizung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 125, 249-288.
Schiller, P. 1932b Die Rauhigkeit als intermodale Erscheinung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 127, 265-289.
Schiller, P. 1935 Interrelation of different senses in perception. British Journal of Psychology, 25, 465-469.
Sherrick, C. E., & Rogers, R. 1966 Apparent haptic movement. Perception & Psychophysics, 1, 175-180.
Shinohara, H. 1985 The basic for the behavioral science. Vol.3. Experimental design 2. Tokyo: Nakanishiya Press.
Wertheimer, M. 1912 Experimentelle Untersuchungen der Scheinbewegung. Archiv fur die gesamte Psychologie, 75, 315-458.
Zapparoli, G. C., & Rcatto, L. L. 1969 The apparent movement between visual and acoustic stimulus and the problem of intermodal relations. Acta Psychologica, 29, 256-267.
Zietz, K., & Werner, H. 1928 Über die dynamische Struktur der Bewegung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 105, 226-249.
Zietz, K. 1931 Gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Farb-und Tonerlebnissen. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 121, 257-356.

Abstract

Previous findings on intermodal apparent movement indicate that intersensory effect in it is asymmetric with respect to acoustic and visual systems. It has also been suggested that the difference between the latencies for the light stimulus and for the sound stimulus may coincide with the point of maximum facilitation in perception. The present study examined whether stimulation of the visual and auditory modalities acted symmetrically or reciprocally in their influence on each other under the different stimulus-onset asynchronies in apparent motion. The results were as follows: (1) Intersensory effect was asymmetric with respect to acoustic and visual systems, that is, only the effect of visual stimulus on auditory apparent movement was found. (2) There were two kinds in this effect: suppression in the shorter range of SOA and facilitation in the longer range. (3) The difference between the latencies for the single stimuli had no influences on likelihood of perceived movement. These findings are discussed along the transsensory view.

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