ORIENTING REFLEX: THE EFFECT OF VERBAL INSTRUCTION ON VASOMOTOR REFLEX TO AUDITORY STIMULI

YÔ MIYATA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.3.28

YÔ MIYATA

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ジャーナルフリー

1961 年 3 巻 1 号 p. 28-41

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.3.28

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Published: 1961 Received: 1961/03/01 Available on J-STAGE: 2009/02/24 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Wrong : Three different verbal instructions were communicated to the Ss before the experiment in order to evaluate the effect of the knowledge of the stimulus and the attitudinal factor upon the orienting reflex to the novel auditory stimulus. Thirty-three Ss were assigned to three groups, A, B, and C. Group A was informed of nothing about the stimuli, Group B the stimuli, and Group C the stimuli and the task which the Ss should perform in relation to them. The vasoconstriction as one of the components of the orienting reflex was measured by the photocell plethysmograph.
The results show that the instructions given to Group B and C affected the rate of the orienting reflex to each stimulus. However, the total rate was not reduced by merely informing the Ss of the stimuli which appear during the experiment. The rate of evocation at each trial differed in the three groups. In Group A the highest rate was obtained in the middle of the experiment and in Group C on the first trial. Attitudinal differences formed among the Ss of three groups were analysed from the results of the questionaires, and it was shown that the orienting reflex tended to be called forth more frequently when the Ss felt most “anxious” or “tense” during the experiment.
The main discussion was made on the nature of the observed reflex, whether it is orienting or is the generalized conditioned reflex, and also on the failure to obtain positive results on the orienting change of the heart rate. Several problems were suggested for the forthcoming studies on the orienting reflex in the human subjects.
From the present experiment it is concluded that the novelty of the stimulus is not reduced by informing the Ss what stimulus is going to be applied, but it works to minimize the existing difference in the rate of reflex-evocation to different stimuli, and the attention to the stimulus significantly increased the rate of evocation of the orienting reflex to the weak stimuli.

訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : ANOHIN, P. K. Role of orienting-exploratory reaction in formation of conditional reflex. In L. G. Voronin, A. N. Lentiev, A. R. Luria, E. N. Sokolov, & O. S. Vingradova (Ed.), Orienting reflex and exploratory behavior. Moscow: Publishing House of the Accademy of Pedagogical Sciences of RSFSR, 1958, pp. 9-20. (In Russian).
DEESE, J. Some problems in the theory of vigilance. Psychol. Rev., 1955, 62, 359-368.
DYKMAN, R. A., GANTT, W. H., & WHITEHORN, J. C. Conditioning as emotional sensitization and differentiation. Psychol. Monogr., 1956, 70, No. 15.
FLECK, S. Vigilance (orienting behavior), conditional reactions, and adjustment patterns in schizophrenic and compulsive patients. In R. W. Miner (Ed.), Comparative conditioned neuroses. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1953, 56, 342-379. (a)
FLECK, S. The cardiac component of orienting behavior: Response to stimuli of varying intensity. J. gen. Psychol., 1953, 48, 163-168. (b)
FUJITA, O. Curiosity and exploratory behavior in animals: General review. Jap. J. Psychol., 1959, 30, 122-133. (In Japanese).
GLIEDMAN, L. H., & GANTT, W. H. The effect of reserpine, chlor-promazine and morphine on the orienting response. In W. H. Gantt (Ed.), Physiological bases of psychiatry. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1958, pp. 196-206.
GOLUBYKH, L. I., & SOVCHUK, V. I. Peculiarities of studying vascular conditioned and un-conditioned reflexes by plethysmography. Sh. vyssh. nervn. Deiatel., 1960, 10, 32-41. (In Russian).
GOTTSHALK, L. A. A study of conditioned vasomotor responses in ten human subjects. Psychosom. Med., 1946, 8, 16-27.
KAMIN L. J. Relations between discrimination, apparatus stress, and the Taylor scale. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1955, 51, 595-599.
KONDO, S., TAKEUCHI, K., & ENDO, U. Photocell plethysmograph. Ikakishi, 1952, 11, 6-10. (In Japanese).
KOTAKE, Y.,& MIYATA, Y. Our seventeen years of research on conditioned responses in man. Psychologia, 1958, 1, 158-166.
KUPALOV, P. S., & GANTT, W. H. The relationship between the strength of the conditioned stimulus and the size of the resulting conditioned reflex. Brain, 1927, 50, 44-52.
MACKWORTH, N. H. Vigilance. Nature, 1956, 178, 1375-1377.
MALMO, R. B. Activation: A neuropsychological dimension. Psychol. Rev., 1959, 66, 367-386.
MANDLER, G., & KREMEN, I. Autonomic feedback: A correlational study. J. Pers., 1958, 26, 388-399.
MANDLER, G., MANDLER, J. M., & UVILLER, E. J. Autonomic feedback: The perception of autonomic activity. J. abnorm. soc. Psvchol., 1958, 56, 367-373.
MATSUNAGA, I. Standardization of the manifest anxiety test. Read at the 21st Annual Meetting of JPA, 1957.
NAGASHIMA, C., NAGASHIMA, C., & UEDA, G. Nervous control of human blood vessels. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1957. (In Japanese).
PAVLOV, I. P. Conditioned Reflexes. G. V. Anrep (Tr.) London: Oxford University Press, 1927.
PAVLOV, I. P. Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes. W. H. Gantt (Tr.) New York: International Publishers, 1928.
PETERS, J. E. A comparison of the effect of two different types of electroconvulsive treatment on conditional reflexes in dogs. In W. H. Gantt (Ed.), Physiological bases of psychiatry. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1958, pp. 53-75.
PLATONOV, K. The word as a physiological and therapeutic factor. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1959.
RAPHELSON, A. C. The relationships among imaginative, direct verbal, and physiological measures of anxiety in an achievement situation. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1957, 54, 13-18.
RAZRAN, G. Attitudinal control of human conditioning. J. Psychol., 1936, 2, 327-337.
RAZRAN, G. Attitudinal determinants of conditioning and of generalization of conditioning. J. exp. Psychol., 1949, 39, 820-829.
RAZRAN, G. Conditioning and perception. Psychol. Rev., 1955, 62, 83-95.
ROBINSON, J., & GRANTT, W. H. The orienting reflex (questioning reaction); cardiac, respiratory, salivary and motor components. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1947, 80, 231.
SCHNORE, M. M. Individual patterns of physiological activity as a function of task differences and degree of arousal. J, exp. Psychol., 1959, 58, 117-128.
SHMAVONIAN, B. M. Methodological study of vasomotor conditioning in human subjects. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1959, 52, 315-321.
SMIRNOV, A. A., LENTIEV, A. N., RUVINSTEIN, S. L., & TEPLOV, V. M. Psychology: Textbook for pedagogical institute. Y. Shibata et al. (Tr.) Meizi Tosho Shuppan, 1959, pp. 231-234.
SMITH, K. Conditioning and artifact. Psychol. Rev., 1954, 61, 217-225.
SOKOLOV, E. N. The higher nervous activity and the problem of perception. Proc. 14th Internat. Congr., 1954, 134-135.
SOKOLOV, E. N. Higher nervous activity and the problem of perception. In B. Simon (Ed.), Psychology in the Soviet Union. London: Kegan Paul, 1957, pp. 92-99.
SOKOLOV, E. N. Perception and conditioned reflex. IMY., 1958. (In Russian).

Right : ANOHIN, P. K. Role of orienting-exploratory reaction in formation of conditional reflex. In L. G. Voronin, A. N. Lentiev, A. R. Luria, E. N. Sokolov, & O. S. Vingradova (Ed.), Orienting reflex and exploratory behavior. Moscow: Publishing House of the Accademy of Pedagogical Sciences of RSFSR, 1958, pp.9-20.(In Russian).
DEESE, J. Some problems in the theory of vigilance. Psychol. Rev., 1955, 62, 359-368.
DYKMAN, R. A., GANTT, W. H., & WHITEHORN, J. C. Conditioning as emotional sensitization and differentiation. Psychol. Monogr., 1956, 70, No.15.
FLECK, S. Vigilance (orienting behavior), conditional reactions, and adjustment patterns in schizophrenic and compulsive patients. In R. W. Miner (Ed.), Comparative conditioned neuroses. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1953, 56, 342-379.(a)
FLECK, S. The cardiac component of orienting behavior: Response to stimuli of varying intensity. J. gen. Psychol., 1953, 48, 163-168.(b)
FUJITA, O. Curiosity and exploratory behavior in animals: General review. Jap. J. Psychol., 1959, 30, 122-133.(In Japanese).
GLIEDMAN, L. H., & GANTT, W. H. The effect of reserpine, chlor-promazine and morphine on the orienting response. In W. H. Gantt (Ed.), Physiological bases of psychiatry. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1958, pp.196-206.
GOLUBYKH, L. I., & SOVCHUK, V. I. Peculiarities of studying vascular conditioned and unconditioned reflexes by plethysmography. Sh. vyssh. nerve. Deiatel., 1960, 10, 32-41.(In Russian).
GOTTSHALK, L. A. A study of conditioned vasomotor responses in ten human subjects. Psychosom. Med., 1946, 8, 16-27.
KAMIN L. J. Relations between discrimination, apparatus stress, and the Taylor scale. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1955, 51, 595-599.
KONDO, S., TAKEUCHI, K, & ENDO, U. Photocell plethysmograph. Ikakishi, 1952, 11, 6-10.(In Japanese).
KOTAKE, Y., & MIYATA, Y. Our seventeen years of research on conditioned responses in man. Psychologia, 1958, 1, 158-166.
KUPALOV, P. S., & GANTT, W. H. The relationship between the strength of the conditioned stimulus and the size of the resulting conditioned reflex. Brain, 1927, 50, 44-52.
MACKWORTH, N. H. Vigilance. Nature, 1956, 178, 1375-1377.
MALMO, R. B. Activation: A neuropsychological dimension. Psychol. Rev., 1959, 66, 367-386.
MANDLER, G., & KREMEN, I. Autonomic feedback: A correlational study. J. Pers., 1958, 26, 388-399.
MANDLER, G., MANDLER, J. M., & UVILLER, E. J. Autonomic feedback: The perception of autonomic activity., J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1958, 56, 367-373.
MATSUNAGA, I. Standardization of the manifest anxiety test. Read at the 21st Annual Meetting of JPA, 1957.
NAGASHIMA, C., NAGASHIMA, C., & UEDA, G. Nervous control of human blood vessels. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1957.(In Japanese).
PAVLOV, I. P. Conditioned Reflexes. G. V. Anrep (Tr.) London: Oxford University Press, 1927.
PAVLOV, I. P. Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes. W. H. Gantt (Tr.) New York: International, 1928.
PETERS, J. E. A comparison of the effect of two different types of electroconvulsive treatment on conditional reflexes in dogs. In W. H. Gantt (Ed.), New York: International, pp.53-75.
PLATONOV, K. The word as a physiological and therapeutic factor. Moscow: Foreign Languages House, 1959.
RAPHELSON, A. C. The relationships among imaginative, direct verbal, and physiological measures of anxiety in an achievement situation. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1957, 54, 13-18.
RAZRAN, G. Attitudinal control of human conditioning. J. Psychol., 1936, 2, 327-337.
RAZRAN, G. Attitudinal determinants of conditioning and of generalization of conditioning. J. exp. Psychol., 1949, 39, 820-829.
RAZRAN, G. Conditioning and perception. Psychol. Rev., 1955, 62, 83-95.
ROBINSON, J., & GRANTT, W. H. The orienting reflex (questioning reaction); cardiac, respiratory, salivary and motor components. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1947, 80, 231.
SCHNORE, M. M. Individual patterns of physiological activity as a function of task differences and degree of arousal. J. exp. Psychol., 1959, 58, 117-128.
SHMAVONIAN, B. M. Methodological study of vasomotor conditioning in human subjects. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1959, 52, 315-321.
SMIRNOV, A. A., LENTIEV, A. N., RUVINSTEIN, S. L., & TEPLOV, V. M. Psychology: Textbook for pedagogical institute. Y. Shibata et al.(Tr.) Meizi Tosho Shuppan, 1959, pp.231-234.
SMITH, K. Conditioning and artifact. Psychol. Rev., 1954, 61, 217-225.
SOKOLOV, E. N. The higher nervous activity and the problem of perception. Proc. 14th Internat. Congr., 1954, 134-135
SOKOLOV, E. N. Higher nervous activity and the problem of perception. In B. Simon (Ed.), Psychology in the Soviet Union. London: Kegan Paul, 1957, pp.92-99.
SOKOLOV, E. N. Perception and conditioned reflex. IMY., 1958.(In Russian).

訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: PDFファイル訂正内容: -

訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : ANOHIN, P. K. Role of orienting-exploratory reaction in formation of conditional reflex. In L. G. Voronin, A. N. Lentiev, A. R. Luria, E. N. Sokolov, & O. S. Vingradova (Ed.), Orienting reflex and exploratory behavior. Moscow: Publishing House of the Accademy of Pedagogical Sciences of RSFSR, 1958, pp.9-20.(In Russian).
DEESE, J. Some problems in the theory of vigilance. Psychol. Rev., 1955, 62, 359-368.
DYKMAN, R. A., GANTT, W. H., & WHITEHORN, J. C. Conditioning as emotional sensitization and differentiation. Psychol. Monogr., 1956, 70, No.15.
FLECK, S. Vigilance (orienting behavior), conditional reactions, and adjustment patterns in schizophrenic and compulsive patients. In R. W. Miner (Ed.), Comparative conditioned neuroses. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1953, 56, 342-379.(a)
FLECK, S. The cardiac component of orienting behavior: Response to stimuli of varying intensity. J. gen. Psychol., 1953, 48, 163-168.(b)
FUJITA, O. Curiosity and exploratory behavior in animals: General review. Jap. J. Psychol., 1959, 30, 122-133.(In Japanese).
GLIEDMAN, L. H., & GANTT, W. H. The effect of reserpine, chlor-promazine and morphine on the orienting response. In W. H. Gantt (Ed.), Physiological bases of psychiatry. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1958, pp.196-206.
GOLUBYKH, L. I., & SOVCHUK, V. I. Peculiarities of studying vascular conditioned and unconditioned reflexes by plethysmography. Sh. vyssh. nerve. Deiatel., 1960, 10, 32-41.(In Russian).
GOTTSHALK, L. A. A study of conditioned vasomotor responses in ten human subjects. Psychosom. Med., 1946, 8, 16-27.
KAMIN L. J. Relations between discrimination, apparatus stress, and the Taylor scale. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1955, 51, 595-599.
KONDO, S., TAKEUCHI, K, & ENDO, U. Photocell plethysmograph. Ikakishi, 1952, 11, 6-10.(In Japanese).
KOTAKE, Y., & MIYATA, Y. Our seventeen years of research on conditioned responses in man. Psychologia, 1958, 1, 158-166.
KUPALOV, P. S., & GANTT, W. H. The relationship between the strength of the conditioned stimulus and the size of the resulting conditioned reflex. Brain, 1927, 50, 44-52.
MACKWORTH, N. H. Vigilance. Nature, 1956, 178, 1375-1377.
MALMO, R. B. Activation: A neuropsychological dimension. Psychol. Rev., 1959, 66, 367-386.
MANDLER, G., & KREMEN, I. Autonomic feedback: A correlational study. J. Pers., 1958, 26, 388-399.
MANDLER, G., MANDLER, J. M., & UVILLER, E. J. Autonomic feedback: The perception of autonomic activity., J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1958, 56, 367-373.
MATSUNAGA, I. Standardization of the manifest anxiety test. Read at the 21st Annual Meetting of JPA, 1957.
NAGASHIMA, C., NAGASHIMA, C., & UEDA, G. Nervous control of human blood vessels. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1957.(In Japanese).
PAVLOV, I. P. Conditioned Reflexes. G. V. Anrep (Tr.) London: Oxford University Press, 1927.
PAVLOV, I. P. Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes. W. H. Gantt (Tr.) New York: International, 1928.
PETERS, J. E. A comparison of the effect of two different types of electroconvulsive treatment on conditional reflexes in dogs. In W. H. Gantt (Ed.), New York: International, pp.53-75.
PLATONOV, K. The word as a physiological and therapeutic factor. Moscow: Foreign Languages House, 1959.
RAPHELSON, A. C. The relationships among imaginative, direct verbal, and physiological measures of anxiety in an achievement situation. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1957, 54, 13-18.
RAZRAN, G. Attitudinal control of human conditioning. J. Psychol., 1936, 2, 327-337.
RAZRAN, G. Attitudinal determinants of conditioning and of generalization of conditioning. J. exp. Psychol., 1949, 39, 820-829.
RAZRAN, G. Conditioning and perception. Psychol. Rev., 1955, 62, 83-95.
ROBINSON, J., & GRANTT, W. H. The orienting reflex (questioning reaction); cardiac, respiratory, salivary and motor components. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1947, 80, 231.
SCHNORE, M. M. Individual patterns of physiological activity as a function of task differences and degree of arousal. J. exp. Psychol., 1959, 58, 117-128.
SHMAVONIAN, B. M. Methodological study of vasomotor conditioning in human subjects. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1959, 52, 315-321.
SMIRNOV, A. A., LENTIEV, A. N., RUVINSTEIN, S. L., & TEPLOV, V. M. Psychology: Textbook for pedagogical institute. Y. Shibata et al.(Tr.) Meizi Tosho Shuppan, 1959, pp.231-234.
SMITH, K. Conditioning and artifact. Psychol. Rev., 1954, 61, 217-225.
SOKOLOV, E. N. The higher nervous activity and the problem of perception. Proc. 14th Internat. Congr., 1954, 134-135
SOKOLOV, E. N. Higher nervous activity and the problem of perception. In B. Simon (Ed.), Psychology in the Soviet Union. London: Kegan Paul, 1957, pp.92-99.
SOKOLOV, E. N. Perception and conditioned reflex. IMY., 1958.(In Russian).

Right : ANOHIN, P. K. Role of orienting-exploratory reaction in formation of conditional reflex. In L. G. Voronin, A. N. Lentiev, A. R. Luria, E. N. Sokolov, & O. S. Vingradova (Ed.), Orienting reflex and exploratory behavior. Moscow: Publishing House of the Accademy of Pedagogical Sciences of RSFSR, 1958, pp.9-20.(In Russian).
DEESE, J. Some problems in the theory of vigilance. Psychol. Rev., 1955, 62, 359-368.
DYKMAN, R. A., GANTT, W. H., & WHITEHORN, J. C. Conditioning as emotional sensitization and differentiation. Psychol. Monogr., 1956, 70, No.15.
FLECK, S. Vigilance (orienting behavior), conditional reactions, and adjustment patterns in schizophrenic and compulsive patients. In R. W. Miner (Ed.), Comparative conditioned neuroses. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1953, 56, 342-379.(a)
FLECK, S. The cardiac component of orienting behavior: Response to stimuli of varying intensity. J. gen. Psychol., 1953, 48, 163-168.(b)
FUJITA, O. Curiosity and exploratory behavior in animals: General review. Jap. J. Psychol., 1959, 30, 122-133.(In Japanese).
GLIEDMAN, L. H., & GANTT, W. H. The effect of reserpine, chlor-promazine and morphine on the orienting response. In W. H. Gantt (Ed.), Physiological bases of psychiatry. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1958, pp.196-206.
GOLUBYKH, L. I., & SOVCHUK, V. I. Peculiarities of studying vascular conditioned and unconditioned reflexes by plethysmography. Sh. vyssh. nervn. Deiatel., 1960, 10, 32-41.(In Russian).
GOTTSHALK, L. A. A study of conditioned vasomotor responses in ten human subjects. Psychosom. Med., 1946, 8, 16-27.
KAMIN L. J. Relations between discrimination, apparatus stress, and the Taylor scale. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1955, 51, 595-599.
KONDO, S., TAKEUCHI, K,, & ENDO, U. Photocell plethysmograph. Ikakishi, 1952, 11, 6-10.(In Japanese).
KOTAKE, Y., & MIYATA, Y. Our seventeen years of research on conditioned responses in man. Psychologia, 1958, 1, 158-166.
KUPALOV, P. S., & GANTT, W. H. The relationship between the strength of the conditioned stimulus and the size of the resulting conditioned reflex. Brain, 1927, 50, 44-52.
MACKWORTH, N. H. Vigilance. Nature, 1956, 178, 1375-1377.
MALMO, R. B. Activation: A neuropsychological dimension. Psychol. Rev., 1959, 66, 367-386.
MANDLER, G., & KREMEN, I. Autonomic feedback: A correlational study. J. Pers., 1958, 26, 388-399.
MANDLER, G., MANDLER, J. M., & UVILLER, E. J. Autonomic feedback: The perception of autonomic activity., J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1958, 56, 367-373.
MATSUNAGA, I. Standardization of the manifest anxiety test. Read at the 21st Annual Meetting of JPA, 1957.
NAGASHIMA, C., NAGASHIMA, C., & UEDA, G. Nervous control of human blood vessels. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1957.(In Japanese).
PAVLOV, I. P. Conditioned Reflexes. G. V. Anrep (Tr.) London: Oxford University Press, 1927.
PAVLOV, I. P. Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes. W. H. Gantt (Tr.) New York: International, 1928.
PETERS, J. E. A comparison of the effect of two different types of electroconvulsive treatment on conditional reflexes in dogs. In W. H. Gantt (Ed.), New York: International, pp.53-75.
PLATONOV, K. The word as a physiological and therapeutic factor. Moscow: Foreign Languages House, 1959.
RAPHELSON, A. C. The relationships among imaginative, direct verbal, and physiological measures of anxiety in an achievement situation. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1957, 54, 13-18.
RAZRAN, G. Attitudinal control of human conditioning. J. Psychol., 1936, 2, 327-337.
RAZRAN, G. Attitudinal determinants of conditioning and of generalization of conditioning. J. exp. Psychol., 1949, 39, 820-829.
RAZRAN, G. Conditioning and perception. Psychol. Rev., 1955, 62, 83-95.
ROBINSON, J., & GRANTT, W. H. The orienting reflex (questioning reaction); cardiac, respiratory, salivary and motor components. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1947, 80, 231.
SCHNORE, M. M. Individual patterns of physiological activity as a function of task differences and degree of arousal. J. exp. Psychol., 1959, 58, 117-128.
SHMAVONIAN, B. M. Methodological study of vasomotor conditioning in human subjects. J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1959, 52, 315-321.
SMIRNOV, A. A., LENTIEV, A. N., RUVINSTEIN, S. L., & TEPLOV, V. M. Psychology: Textbook for pedagogical institute. Y. Shibata et al.(Tr.) Meizi Tosho Shuppan, 1959, pp.231-234.
SMITH, K. Conditioning and artifact. Psychol. Rev., 1954, 61, 217-225.
SOKOLOV, E. N. The higher nervous activity and the problem of perception. Proc. 14th Internat. Congr., 1954, 134-135.
SOKOLOV, E. N. Higher nervous activity and the problem of perception. In B. Simon (Ed.), Psychology in the Soviet Union. London: Kegan Paul, 1957, pp.92-99.
SOKOLOV, E. N. Perception and conditioned reflex. IMY., 1958.(In Russian).

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