Identification and localization in tachistoscopic partial report

MASAYUKI MATSUDA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.30.33

Author information

Keywords: tachistoscopic recognition, partial report, stimulus position function, identification processes, localization processes, dual buffer model

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1988 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 33-41

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.30.33

Details

Published: February 25, 1988 Received: May 08, 1987 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: September 12, 1987 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of information processing for a briefly presented visual array of Japanese Kana letters. Two experiments were conducted, with the same five subjects, to examine the effects of retinal locus, relative position within an array and lateral masking on partial report performance. Types of errors were also analyzed in order to examine whether these effects were related to identification, localization, or both. Proportions of correct responses, location errors, and item errors as a function of stimulus position were found to suggest that partial report performance does not depend only on the identification processes, but also on the localization processes. These findings were discussed on the basis of dual buffer model proposed by Mewhort, Campbell, Marchetti, and Campbell (1981).
Right : The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of information processing for a briefly presented visual array of Japanese Kana letters. Two experiments were conducted, with the same five subjects, to examine the effects of retinal locus, relative position within an array and lateral masking on partial report performance. Types of errors were also analyzed in order to examine whether these effects were related to identification, localization, or both. Proportions of correct responses, location errors, and item errors as a function of stimulus position were found to suggest that partial report performance does not depend only on the identification processes, but also on the localization processes. These findings were discussed on the basis of dual buffer model proposed by Mewhort, Campbell, Marchetti, and Campbell (1981).

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Anstis, S. M. 1974 A chart demonstrating variations in acuity with retinal position. Vision Research, 14, 589-592.
Averbach, E., & Coriell, A. S. 1961 Short-term memory in vision. Bell System Technical Journal, 40, 302-328.
Bouma, H. 1970 Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition. Nature, 226, 177-178.
Butler, B. E., & Currie, A. 1986 On the nature of perceptual limits in vision. Psychological Research, 48, 201-209.
Campbell, A. J., & Mewhort, D. J. K. 1980 On familiarity effects in visual information processing. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34, 134-154.
Dick, A. O. 1969 Relation between the sensory register and short-term storage in tachistoscopic recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 82,279-284.
Dick, A. O. 1971 On the problem of selection in short-term visual (iconic) memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 250-263.
Dick, A. O. 1974 Iconic memory and its relation to perceptual processing and other memory mechanisms. Perception _??_ Psychophysics, 16, 575-596.
Goryo, K., & Kawai, R. 1972 Short-term visual storage and the position effect in the stimulus display. Japanese Psychological Research, 14, 209-218.
Haber, R. N., & Standing, L. 1969 Location errors with a post-stimulus indicator. Psychonomic Science, 17, 345-346.
Hatta, T. 1978 Recognition of Japanese Kanji and Hirakana in the left and right visual field. Japanese Psychological Research, 20, 51-59.
Heron, W. 1957 Perception as a function of retinal locus and attention, American Journal of Psychology, 70, 38-48.
Hershenson, M. 1969 Perception of letter arrays as a function of absolute retinal locus. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 80, 201-202.
Lefton, L. A. 1974 Probing information from briefly presented arrays. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 958-970.
Loomis, J. M. 1978 Lateral masking in foveal and eccentric vision. Vision Research, 18, 335-338.
Ludvigh, E. 1941 Extrafoveal visual acuity as measured with Snellen test-letters. American Journal of Opthalmology, 24, 303-310.
Merikle, P. M., Lowe, D. G., & Coltheart, M. 1971 Familiarity and method of report as determinants of tachistoscopic performance. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 167-174.
Mewhort, D. J. K., & Campbell, A. J. 1978 Processing spatial information and the selectivemasking effect. Perception _??_ Psychophysics, 24, 93-101.
Mewhort, D. J. K., Campbell, A. J., Marchetti, F. M., & Campbell, J. I. D. 1981 Identification, localization, and “iconic memory”: An evaluation of the bar-probe task. Memory _??_ Cognition, 9, 50-67.
Mewhort, D. J. K., & Cornett, S. 1972 Scanning and the familiarity effect in tachistoscopic recognition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 26, 181-189.
Sasanuma, S., Itoh, M., Kobayashi, Y., & Mori, K. 1980 The nature of the task-stimulus interaction in the tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Kanji words. Brain and Language, 9, 298-306.
Scheerer, E. 1972 Order of report and order of scanning in tachistoscopic recognition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 26, 382-390.
Schwantes, F. M. 1978 Stimulus position function in tachistoscopic identification tasks: Scanning, rehearsal, and order of report. Perception _??_ Psychophysics, 23, 219-226.
Sperling, G. 1960 The information available in brief visual presentation. Psychological Monographs, 74, 1-28.
Tramer, O., Butler, B. E., & Mewhort, D. J. K. 1985 Evidence for scanning with unilateral visual presentation of letters. Brain and Language, 25, 1-18.
Van der Heijden, A. H. C. 1986 On selection in vision. Psychological Research, 48, 211-219.
Van der Heijden, A. H. C., Schreuder, R., de Loor, M., & Hagenzieker, M. 1987 Early and late selection: Visual letter confusions in a barprobe task. Acta Psychologica, 65, 75-89.
White, M. J. 1969 Identification and localization within digit and letter span. Psychonomic Science, 14, 279-280.
White, M. J. 1970 Retinal locus and the letterspan error function. Perception _??_ Psychophysics, 8, 107-109.
White, M. J. 1976 Order of processing in visual perception. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 30, 140-156.
Wolford, G., & Hollingsworth, S. 1974a Lateral masking in visual information processing. Perception _??_ Psychophysics, 16, 315-320.
Wolford, G., & Hollingsworth, S. 1974b Retinal location and string position as important variables in visual information processing. Perception _??_ Psychophysics, 16, 437-442.

Right : Anstis, S. M. 1974 A chart demonstrating variations in acuity with retinal position. Vision Research, 14, 589-592.
Averbach, E., & Coriell, A. S. 1961 Short-term memory in vision. Bell System Technical Journal, 40, 302-328.
Bouma, H. 1970 Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition. Nature, 226, 177-178.
Butler, B. E., & Currie, A. 1986 On the nature of perceptual limits in vision. Psychological Research, 48, 201-209.
Campbell, A. J., & Mewhort, D. J. K. 1980 On familiarity effects in visual information processing. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34, 134-154.
Dick, A. O. 1969 Relation between the sensory register and short-term storage in tachistoscopic recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 82, 279-284.
Dick, A. O. 1971 On the problem of selection in short-term visual (iconic) memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 250-263.
Dick, A. O. 1974 Iconic memory and its relation to perceptual processing and other memory mechanisms. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 575-596.
Goryo, K., & Kawai, R. 1972 Short-term visual storage and the position effect in the stimulus display. Japanese Psychological Research, 14, 209-218.
Haber, R. N., & Standing, L. 1969 Location errors with a post-stimulus indicator. Psychonomic Science, 17, 345-346.
Hatta, T. 1978 Recognition of Japanese Kanji and Hirakana in the left and right visual field. Japanese Psychological Research, 20, 51-59.
Heron, W. 1957 Perception as a function of retinal locus and attention. American Journal of Psychology, 70, 38-48.
Hershenson, M. 1969 Perception of letter arrays as a function of absolute retinal locus. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 80, 201-202.
Lefton, L. A. 1974 Probing information from briefly presented arrays. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 958-970.
Loomis, J. M. 1978 Lateral masking in foveal and eccentric vision. Vision Research, 18, 335-338.
Ludvigh, E. 1941 Extrafoveal visual acuity as measured with Snellen test-letters. American Journal of Opthalmology, 24, 303-310.
Merikle, P. M., Lowe, D. G., & Coltheart, M. 1971 Familiarity and method of report as determinants of tachistoscopic performance. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 167-174.
Mewhort, D. J. K., & Campbell, A. J. 1978 Processing spatial information and the selectivemasking effect. Perception & Psychophysics, 24, 93-101.
Mewhort, D. J. K., Campbell, A. J., Marchetti, F. M., & Campbell, J. I. D. 1981 Identification, localization, and “iconic memory”: An evaluation of the bar-probe task. Memory & Cognition, 9, 50-67.
Mewhort, D. J. K., & Cornett, S. 1972 Scanning and the familiarity effect in tachistoscopic recognition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 26, 181-189.
Sasanuma, S., Itoh, M., Kobayashi, Y., & Mori, K. 1980 The nature of the task-stimulus interaction in the tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Kanji words. Brain and Language, 9, 298-306.
Scheerer, E. 1972 Order of report and order of scanning in tachistoscopic recognition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 26, 382-390.
Schwantes, F. M. 1978 Stimulus position function in tachistoscopic identification tasks: Scanning, rehearsal, and order of report. Perception & Psychophysics, 23, 219-226.
Sperling, G. 1960 The information available in brief visual presentation. Psychological Monographs, 74, 1-28.
Tramer, O., Butler, B. E., & Mewhort, D. J. K. 1985 Evidence for scanning with unilateral visual presentation of letters. Brain and Language, 25, 1-18.
Van der Heijden, A. H. C. 1986 On selection in vision. Psychological Research, 48, 211-219.
Van der Heijden, A. H. C., Schreuder, R., de Loor, M., & Hagenzieker, M. 1987 Early and late selection: Visual letter confusions in a barprobe task. Acta Psychologica, 65, 75-89.
White, M. J. 1969 Identification and localization within digit and letter span. Psychonomic Science, 14, 279-280.
White, M. J. 1970 Retinal locus and the letterspan error function. Perception & Psychophysics, 8, 107-109.
White, M. J. 1976 Order of processing in visual perception. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 30, 140-156.
Wolford, G., & Hollingsworth, S. 1974a Lateral masking in visual information processing. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 315-320.
Wolford, G., & Hollingsworth, S. 1974b Retinal location and string position as important variables in visual information processing. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 437-442.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Anstis, S. M. 1974 A chart demonstrating variations in acuity with retinal position. Vision Research, 14, 589-592.
Averbach, E., & Coriell, A. S. 1961 Short-term memory in vision. Bell System Technical Journal, 40, 302-328.
Bouma, H. 1970 Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition. Nature, 226, 177-178.
Butler, B. E., & Currie, A. 1986 On the nature of perceptual limits in vision. Psychological Research, 48, 201-209.
Campbell, A. J., & Mewhort, D. J. K. 1980 On familiarity effects in visual information processing. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34, 134-154.
Dick, A. O. 1969 Relation between the sensory register and short-term storage in tachistoscopic recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 82, 279-284.
Dick, A. O. 1971 On the problem of selection in short-term visual (iconic) memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 250-263.
Dick, A. O. 1974 Iconic memory and its relation to perceptual processing and other memory mechanisms. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 575-596.
Goryo, K., & Kawai, R. 1972 Short-term visual storage and the position effect in the stimulus display. Japanese Psychological Research, 14, 209-218.
Haber, R. N., & Standing, L. 1969 Location errors with a post-stimulus indicator. Psychonomic Science, 17, 345-346.
Hatta, T. 1978 Recognition of Japanese Kanji and Hirakana in the left and right visual field. Japanese Psychological Research, 20, 51-59.
Heron, W. 1957 Perception as a function of retinal locus and attention. American Journal of Psychology, 70, 38-48.
Hershenson, M. 1969 Perception of letter arrays as a function of absolute retinal locus. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 80, 201-202.
Lefton, L. A. 1974 Probing information from briefly presented arrays. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 958-970.
Loomis, J. M. 1978 Lateral masking in foveal and eccentric vision. Vision Research, 18, 335-338.
Ludvigh, E. 1941 Extrafoveal visual acuity as measured with Snellen test-letters. American Journal of Opthalmology, 24, 303-310.
Merikle, P. M., Lowe, D. G., & Coltheart, M. 1971 Familiarity and method of report as determinants of tachistoscopic performance. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 167-174.
Mewhort, D. J. K., & Campbell, A. J. 1978 Processing spatial information and the selectivemasking effect. Perception & Psychophysics, 24, 93-101.
Mewhort, D. J. K., Campbell, A. J., Marchetti, F. M., & Campbell, J. I. D. 1981 Identification, localization, and “iconic memory”: An evaluation of the bar-probe task. Memory & Cognition, 9, 50-67.
Mewhort, D. J. K., & Cornett, S. 1972 Scanning and the familiarity effect in tachistoscopic recognition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 26, 181-189.
Sasanuma, S., Itoh, M., Kobayashi, Y., & Mori, K. 1980 The nature of the task-stimulus interaction in the tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Kanji words. Brain and Language, 9, 298-306.
Scheerer, E. 1972 Order of report and order of scanning in tachistoscopic recognition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 26, 382-390.
Schwantes, F. M. 1978 Stimulus position function in tachistoscopic identification tasks: Scanning, rehearsal, and order of report. Perception & Psychophysics, 23, 219-226.
Sperling, G. 1960 The information available in brief visual presentation. Psychological Monographs, 74, 1-28.
Tramer, O., Butler, B. E., & Mewhort, D. J. K. 1985 Evidence for scanning with unilateral visual presentation of letters. Brain and Language, 25, 1-18.
Van der Heijden, A. H. C. 1986 On selection in vision. Psychological Research, 48, 211-219.
Van der Heijden, A. H. C., Schreuder, R., de Loor, M., & Hagenzieker, M. 1987 Early and late selection: Visual letter confusions in a barprobe task. Acta Psychologica, 65, 75-89.
White, M. J. 1969 Identification and localization within digit and letter span. Psychonomic Science, 14, 279-280.
White, M. J. 1970 Retinal locus and the letterspan error function. Perception & Psychophysics, 8, 107-109.
White, M. J. 1976 Order of processing in visual perception. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 30, 140-156.
Wolford, G., & Hollingsworth, S. 1974a Lateral masking in visual information processing. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 315-320.
Wolford, G., & Hollingsworth, S. 1974b Retinal location and string position as important variables in visual information processing. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 437-442.

Right : Anstis, S. M. 1974 A chart demonstrating variations in acuity with retinal position. Vision Research, 14, 589-592.
Averbach, E., & Coriell, A. S. 1961 Short-term memory in vision. Bell System Technical Journal, 40, 302-328.
Bouma, H. 1970 Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition. Nature, 226, 177-178.
Butler, B. E., & Currie, A. 1986 On the nature of perceptual limits in vision. Psychological Research, 48, 201-209.
Campbell, A. J., & Mewhort, D. J. K. 1980 On familiarity effects in visual information processing. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34, 134-154.
Dick, A. O. 1969 Relation between the sensory register and short-term storage in tachistoscopic recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 82, 279-284.
Dick, A. O. 1971 On the problem of selection in short-term visual (iconic) memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 250-263.
Dick, A. O. 1974 Iconic memory and its relation to perceptual processing and other memory mechanisms. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 575-596.
Goryo, K., & Kawai, R. 1972 Short-term visual storage and the position effect in the stimulus display. Japanese Psychological Research, 14, 209-218.
Haber, R. N., & Standing, L. 1969 Location errors with a post-stimulus indicator. Psychonomic Science, 17, 345-346.
Hatta, T. 1978 Recognition of Japanese Kanji and Hirakana in the left and right visual field. Japanese Psychological Research, 20, 51-59.
Heron, W. 1957 Perception as a function of retinal locus and attention. American Journal of Psychology, 70, 38-48.
Hershenson, M. 1969 Perception of letter arrays as a function of absolute retinal locus. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 80, 201-202.
Lefton, L. A. 1974 Probing information from briefly presented arrays. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 958-970.
Loomis, J. M. 1978 Lateral masking in foveal and eccentric vision. Vision Research, 18, 335-338.
Ludvigh, E. 1941 Extrafoveal visual acuity as measured with Snellen test-letters. American Journal of Opthalmology, 24, 303-310.
Merikle, P. M., Lowe, D. G., & Coltheart, M. 1971 Familiarity and method of report as determinants of tachistoscopic performance. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 167-174.
Mewhort, D. J. K., & Campbell, A. J. 1978 Processing spatial information and the selective-masking effect. Perception & Psychophysics, 24, 93-101.
Mewhort, D. J. K., Campbell, A. J., Marchetti, F. M., & Campbell, J. I. D. 1981 Identification, localization, and “iconic memory”: An evaluation of the bar-probe task. Memory & Cognition, 9, 50-67.
Mewhort, D. J. K., & Cornett, S. 1972 Scanning and the familiarity effect in tachistoscopic recognition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 26, 181-189.
Sasanuma, S., Itoh, M., Kobayashi, Y., & Mori, K. 1980 The nature of the task-stimulus interaction in the tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Kanji words. Brain and Language, 9, 298-306.
Scheerer, E. 1972 Order of report and order of scanning in tachistoscopic recognition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 26, 382-390.
Schwantes, F. M. 1978 Stimulus position function in tachistoscopic identification tasks: Scanning, rehearsal, and order of report. Perception & Psychophysics, 23, 219-226.
Sperling, G. 1960 The information available in brief visual presentation. Psychological Monographs, 74, 1-28.
Tramer, O., Butler, B. E., & Mewhort, D. J. K. 1985 Evidence for scanning with unilateral visual presentation of letters. Brain and Language, 25, 1-18.
Van der Heijden, A. H. C. 1986 On selection in vision. Psychological Research, 48, 211-219.
Van der Heijden, A. H. C., Schreuder, R., de Loor, M., & Hagenzieker, M. 1987 Early and late selection: Visual letter confusions in a bar-probe task. Acta Psychologica, 65, 75-89.
White, M. J. 1969 Identification and localization within digit and letter span. Psychonomic Science, 14, 279-280.
White, M. J. 1970 Retinal locus and the letter-span error function. Perception & Psychophysics, 8, 107-109.
White, M. J. 1976 Order of processing in visual perception. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 30, 140-156.
Wolford, G., & Hollingsworth, S. 1974a Lateral masking in visual information processing. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 315-320.
Wolford, G., & Hollingsworth, S. 1974b Retinal location and string position as important variables in visual information processing. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 437-442.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of information processing for a briefly presented visual array of Japanese Kana letters. Two experiments were conducted, with the same five subjects, to examine the effects of retinal locus, relative position within an array and lateral masking on partial report performance. Types of errors were also analyzed in order to examine whether these effects were related to identification, localization, or both. Proportions of correct responses, location errors, and item errors as a function of stimulus position were found to suggest that partial report performance does not depend only on the identification processes, but also on the localization processes. These findings were discussed on the basis of dual buffer model proposed by Mewhort, Campbell, Marchetti, and Campbell (1981).

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