The effects of respiration rate on contingent negative variation during a relaxation method (Self-Regulation Method)

SAYURI TOMITA; AKIRA IKEMI; YOSHIAKI HAYASHIDA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.37.13

SAYURI TOMITA, AKIRA IKEMI, YOSHIAKI HAYASHIDA

Author information

Keywords: contingent negative variation (CNV), relaxation, respiration rate, reaction time

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1995 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 13-20

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.37.13

Details

Published: February 21, 1995 Received: September 10, 1993 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: July 02, 1994 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: TITLE Details: [in Japanese]

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Two experiments were conducted in this study. First, the relation of reaction time (RT), and respiration rate to contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude during a relaxation by the self-regulation method (SRM) were examined in 9 healthy subjects who had practiced SRM for 5 weeks. CNV amplitudes acre reduced during SRM in both CNVs associated with the fastest and slowest RTs. The respiration rate decreased during SRM compared to before and after SRM condition. The CNV amplitude decreased along with the respiration rate. Secondly, the effect of the voluntanty change in the respiration rate on CNV amplitude was studied in 7 subjects who had not mastered SRM. The CNV amplitude also decreased with the respiration rate. These results suggest that the CNV amplitude reduction during SRM could be associated with the effects of the respiration rate, but not with RT.
Right : Two experiments were conducted in this study. First, the relation of reaction time (RT), and respiration rate to contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude during a relaxation by the self-regulation method (SRM) were examined in 9 healthy subjects who had practiced SRM for 5 weeks. CXV amplitudes were reduced during SRM in both CNVs associated with the fastest and slowest RTs. The respiration rate decreased during SRM compared to before and after SRM condition. The CNV amplitude decreased along with the respiration rate. Secondly, the effect of the voluntarily change in the respiration rate on CNV amplitude was studied in 7 subjects who had not mastered SRM. The CNV amplitude also decreased with the respiration rate. These results suggest that the CNV amplitude reduction during SRM could he associated with the effects of the respiration rate. but not with RT.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of First Physiology, Nara Medical University
2) Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education, Okayama University
3) Department of Systems Physiology. University of, Occupational and Environmental Health

Right :
1) Department of First Physiology. Nara Medical University
2) Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education, Okayama University
3) Department of Systems Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: KEYWORD Details: Wrong : contingent negative variation (CNV), relaxation, respiration rate, reaction time
Right : contingent negative variation (CNV), relaxation, respiration rate, reaction tirne

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Allison, J. 1970 Respiratory changes during transcendental meditation. Lancet, 1, 833-834.
Benson, H., & Klipper, M. Z. 1976 The relaxation response. New York: Avon.
Brix, R., Eitzal, S., & Gedlicka, W. 1979 CNV and evozierte Potentiale unter Elektro-Akupunktur und bei akustischer Maskierung. Anaesthesist, 28, 60-66.
Deecke, L., Niesser, A., & Ziller, B. 1980 Modality (visual and tactile) and stimulus predictability influence contingent negative variation and reaction time. In H. H. Kornhuber & L. Deecke (Eds.), Motivation, motor and sensory processes of the brain: electrical potentials, behaviour and clinical use. Progress in brain research. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp. 301-308.
Dubrovsky, B., Solyom, L., & Barbas, H. 1978 Characteristics of the contingent negative variation in patients suffering from specific phobias. Biological Psychiatry, 13, 531-540.
Gaillard, A. W. K., & Perdok, J. 1980 Slow brain potentials in the CNV-paradigm. Acta Psychologica, 44, 147-163.
Grünewald, G., Grünewald-Zuberbier, E., Netz, J., Hömberg, V., & Sander, G. 1979 Relationships between the late component of the contingent negative variation and the Bereitschaftspotential. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophvsiology. 46, 538-545.
Guilford, J. P. 1975 Reliability and validity of measures. Psychometric methods. 2nd ed. Bombay: Tata McGraw-Hill. Pp. 373-413.
Gullickson, G. R., & Darrow, C. W. 1973 Contingent negative variation modified by respiratory phase. In W. C. McCallum & J. R. Knott (Eds.), Event-related slow potentials of the brain: their relations to behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp. 295-297.
Holmes, O. W. 1982 Correlation. In R. J. Wonnacott & T. H. Wonnacott (Eds.), Statistics discovering its power. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp. 268-287.
Ikemi, A. 1988 Psychophysiological effects of selfregulation method: EEG frequency analysis and contingent negative variations. Psychotherapy & Psychosomties 49, 230-239.
Ikemi, A., Tomita, S., & Hayashida, Y. 1988 Thermographical analysis of the warmth of the hands during the practice of self-regulation method. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 50, 22-28.
Ikemi, A., Tomita, S., Kuroda, M., Hayashida, Y., & Ikemi, Y. 1986 Self-regulation method: psychological, physiological and clinical considerations. -An overview. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics. 46, 184-195.
Kakigi, S., Hagino, G., Mori, T., & Tominaga, D. 1976 Slowly changing potential modified by controlled respiratory cycle. Japanese Psychological Research, 18, 150-153.
Larbig, W., Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., Rockstroh, B., Schnerr, G., & Birbaumer, N. 1982 EEG and slow brain potentials during anticipation and control of painful stimulation. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 53, 298-309.
McCarthy, G., & Donchin, E. 1978 Brain potentials associated with structural and functional visual matching. Neuropsychologia, 16, 571-585.
Nakamizo, S. 1967 Psycho-physiological studies on respiratory pattern. In Y. Akishige (Ed.), Psychological studies on Zen. Fukuoka: Kyushu University, The Faculty of Literature. Pp. 1-39.
Paty, J., Brenot, Ph., Tignol, J., et Bourgeois, M. 1977 Activatés évoquées cérébrales (variation contingente négative et potentiels évoqués) et états de conscience modifiés (relaxation sophronique, méditation transcendantale). Annales Medico Psychologiques, 136, 143-169.
Rebert, C. S., & Tecce, J. J. 1973 A summary of CNV and reaction time. In W. C. McCallum & J. R. Knott (Eds.), Event-related slow potentials of the brain: their relations to behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp. 173-178.
Rizzo, P. A., Amabile, G., Fiumara, R., Caporali, M., Pierelli, F., Spadaro, M., Zanasi, M., & Morocutti, C. 1980 Brain slow potentials and hypnosis. Biological Psychiatry, 15, 499-506.
Rockstroh, B., Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. 1979 Slow cortical potentials under conditions of uncontrollability. Psychophysiology, 16, 374-380.
Rohrbaugh, J. W., Syndulko, K., & Lindsley, D. B. 1976 Brain wave components of the contingent negative variation in humans. Science, 191, 1055-1057.
Roitbak, A. I., Dedabrishvili, T. M., & Gotsiridze, I. K. 1977 Contingent negative variation (E-wave) at voluntary breathing. Sechenov Physiological Journal of the USSR, 63, 210-215.
Sartory, G., & Master, D. 1984 Contingent negative variation in obsessional-compulsive patients. Biological Psychology, 18, 253-267.
Simons, R. F., Macmillan, F. W. III, & Ireland, F. B. 1982 Anticipatory pleasure deficit in subjects reporting physical anhedonia: slow cortical evidence. Biological Psychology, 14, 297-310.
Tecce, J. J. 1979 A CNV rebound effect. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 46, 546-551.
Tecce, J. J., Savignano-Bowman, J., & Meinbresse, D. 1976 Contingent negative variation and the distraction-arousal hypothesis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophvsiology, 41, 277-286.
Wallace, R. K., Benson, H., & Wilson, A. F. 1971 A wakeful hypometabolic physiologic state. American Journal of Physiology, 221, 795-799.

Right : Allison, J. 1970 Respiratory changes during transcendental meditation. Lancet, 1, 833-834.
Benson, H., & Klipper, M. Z. 1976 The relaxation response. New York: Avon.
Brix, R., Fitzal, S., & Gedlicka, W. 1979 CNV and evozierte Potentiate unter Elektro-Akupunktur and bei akustischer Maskierung. Anaesthesist, 28, 60-66.
Deecke, L., Niesser, A., & Ziller, B. 1980 Modality (visual and tactile) and stimulus predictability influence contingent negative variation and reaction time. In H. H. Kornhuber & L. Deecke (Eds.), Motiration, motor and sensors' processes of the brain: electrical potentials, behaviour and clinical use. Progress in brain research. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp.301-308.
Dubrovsky, B., Solyom, L., & Barbas, H. 1978 Characteristics of the contingent negative variation in patients suffering from specific phobias. Biological Psychiatry, 13, 531-540.
Gaillard, A. W. K., & Perdok, J. 1980 Slow brain potentials in the CNV-paradigm. Acta Pspchologica, 44, 147-163.
Grünewald, G., Griinewald-Zuberbier, E., Netz, J., Homberg, V., & Sander, G. 1979 Relationships between the late component of the contingent negative variation and the Bereitschaftspotential. Electroenc-phalagraphy & Clinical Neurophvsiolor;y, 46, 538-545.
Guilford, J. P. 1975 Reliability and validity of measures. Psychometric methods. 2nd ed. Bombay: Tata McGraw-Hill. Pp.373-413.
Gullickson, G. R., & Darrow, C. W. 1973 Contingent negative variation modified by respiratory phase. In W. C. McCallum & J. R. Knott Eds. I, Event-related slow potentials oldie brain: their relations to behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp.295-297.
Holmes, O. W. 1982 Correlation. In R. J. Wonnacott & T. H. Wonnacott (Eds.), Statistics discovering its power. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp.268-287.
lkemi, A. 1988 Psychophysiological effects of selfregulation method: EKG frequency analysis and contingent negative variations. Psychotherapy & Psychasomaties. 49, 230-239.
Ikemi, A., Tomita, S., & Hayashida, Y. 1988 Thermographical analysis of the warmth of the hands during the practice of self-regulation method. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 50, 22-28.
Ikemi, A., Tornio, S., Kuroda, M., Hayashida, V., & Ikemi, Y. 1986 Self-regulation method: psychological, physiological and clinical considerations.-An overview. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 46, 184-195.
Kakigi, S., Hagino, G., Mori, T., & Tominaga, D. 1976 Slowly changing potential modified by controlled respiratory cycle. Japanese Psychological Research, 18, 150-153.
Larbig, W. Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., Rockstroh, B., Schnerr, G., & Birbaumer, N. 1982 EEG and slow brain potentials during anticipation and control of painful stimulation. Electroencephalographv & Clinical Neurophvsiologv, 53, 298-309.
McCarthy, G., & Donchin, E. 1978 Brain potentials associated with structural and functional visual matching. Neuropsychologia, 16, 571-585.
Nakamizo, S. 1967 Psycho-physiological studies on respiratory pattern. In Y. Akishige (Ed.), Psychological studies on Zen. Fukuoka: Kyushu University, The Faculty of Literature. Pp.1-39.
Paty, J., Brenot, Ph., Tignol, J., et Bourgeois, M. 1977 Activites evoquees cerebrales (variation contingente negative et potentiels evoques) et etats de conscience modifies (relaxation sophronique, meditation transcendantale). Annales Medico Psychologiques, 136, 143-169.
Rebert, C. S., & Tecce, J. J. 1973 A summary of CNV and reaction time. En W. C. McCallum & J. R. Knott (Eds.), Event-related slow potentials of the brain: their relations to behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp.173-178.
Rizzo, P. A., Amabile, G., Fiumara, R., Caporali, M., Pierelli, F., Spadaro, M., Zanasi, M., & Morocutti, C. 1980 Brain slow potentials and hypnosis. Biological Psychiatry, 15, 499-506.
Rockstroh, B., Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. 1979 Slow cortical potentials under conditions of uncontrollability. Psychophysiology, 16, 374-380.
Rohrbaugh, J. W., Syndulko, K., & Lindsley, D. B. 1976 Brain wave components of the contingent negative variation in humans. Science, 191, 1055-1057.
Roitbak, A. I., Dedabrishvili, T. M., & Gotsiridze, I. K. 1977 Contingent negative variation (E-wave) at voluntary breathing. Sechenov Physiological Journal of the USSR, 63, 210-215.
Sartory, G., & Master, D. 1984 Contingent negative variation in obsessional-compulsive patients. Biological Psychology, 18, 253-267.
Simons, R. F., Macmillan, F. W. Ill, & Ireland, F. B. 1982 Anticipatory pleasure deficit in subjects reporting physical anhedonia: slow cortical evidence. Biological Psychology, 14, 297-310.
Tecce, J. J. 1979 A CNV rebound effect. Electroencephalogr-aphv & Clinical Neurophysialogv, 46, 546-551.
Tecce, J. J., Savignano-Bowman, J., & Meinbresse, D. 1976 Contingent negative variation and the distraction-arousal hypothesis. Electroencephalograph; and Clinical Neurophvsiology, 41, 277-286.
Wallace, R. K., Benson, H., & Wilson, A. F. 1971 A wakeful hypometabolic physiologic state. American Journal of-Physiology, 221, 795-799.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: TITLE Details: [in Japanese]

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Two experiments were conducted in this study. First, the relation of reaction time (RT), and respiration rate to contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude during a relaxation by the self-regulation method (SRM) were examined in 9 healthy subjects who had practiced SRM for 5 weeks. CXV amplitudes were reduced during SRM in both CNVs associated with the fastest and slowest RTs. The respiration rate decreased during SRM compared to before and after SRM condition. The CNV amplitude decreased along with the respiration rate. Secondly, the effect of the voluntarily change in the respiration rate on CNV amplitude was studied in 7 subjects who had not mastered SRM. The CNV amplitude also decreased with the respiration rate. These results suggest that the CNV amplitude reduction during SRM could he associated with the effects of the respiration rate. but not with RT.
Right : Two experiments were conducted in this study. First, the relation of reaction time (RT), and respiration rate to contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude during a relaxation by the self-regulation method (SRM) were examined in 9 healthy subjects who had practiced SRM for 5 weeks. CNV amplitudes were reduced during SRM in both CNVs associated with the fastest and slowest RTs. The respiration rate decreased during SRM compared to before and after SRM condition. The CNV amplitude decreased along with the respiration rate. Secondly, the effect of the voluntarily change in the respiration rate on CNV amplitude was studied in 7 subjects who had not mastered SRM. The CNV amplitude also decreased with the respiration rate. These results suggest that the CNV amplitude reduction during SRM could be associated with the effects of the respiration rate. but not with RT.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: KEYWORD Details: Wrong : contingent negative variation (CNV), relaxation, respiration rate, reaction tirne
Right : contingent negative variation (CNV), relaxation, respiration rate, reaction time

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Allison, J. 1970 Respiratory changes during transcendental meditation. Lancet, 1, 833-834.
Benson, H., & Klipper, M. Z. 1976 The relaxation response. New York: Avon.
Brix, R., Fitzal, S., & Gedlicka, W. 1979 CNV and evozierte Potentiate unter Elektro-Akupunktur and bei akustischer Maskierung. Anaesthesist, 28, 60-66.
Deecke, L., Niesser, A., & Ziller, B. 1980 Modality (visual and tactile) and stimulus predictability influence contingent negative variation and reaction time. In H. H. Kornhuber & L. Deecke (Eds.), Motiration, motor and sensors' processes of the brain: electrical potentials, behaviour and clinical use. Progress in brain research. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp.301-308.
Dubrovsky, B., Solyom, L., & Barbas, H. 1978 Characteristics of the contingent negative variation in patients suffering from specific phobias. Biological Psychiatry, 13, 531-540.
Gaillard, A. W. K., & Perdok, J. 1980 Slow brain potentials in the CNV-paradigm. Acta Pspchologica, 44, 147-163.
Grünewald, G., Griinewald-Zuberbier, E., Netz, J., Homberg, V., & Sander, G. 1979 Relationships between the late component of the contingent negative variation and the Bereitschaftspotential. Electroenc-phalagraphy & Clinical Neurophvsiolor;y, 46, 538-545.
Guilford, J. P. 1975 Reliability and validity of measures. Psychometric methods. 2nd ed. Bombay: Tata McGraw-Hill. Pp.373-413.
Gullickson, G. R., & Darrow, C. W. 1973 Contingent negative variation modified by respiratory phase. In W. C. McCallum & J. R. Knott Eds. I, Event-related slow potentials oldie brain: their relations to behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp.295-297.
Holmes, O. W. 1982 Correlation. In R. J. Wonnacott & T. H. Wonnacott (Eds.), Statistics discovering its power. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp.268-287.
lkemi, A. 1988 Psychophysiological effects of selfregulation method: EKG frequency analysis and contingent negative variations. Psychotherapy & Psychasomaties. 49, 230-239.
Ikemi, A., Tomita, S., & Hayashida, Y. 1988 Thermographical analysis of the warmth of the hands during the practice of self-regulation method. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 50, 22-28.
Ikemi, A., Tornio, S., Kuroda, M., Hayashida, V., & Ikemi, Y. 1986 Self-regulation method: psychological, physiological and clinical considerations.-An overview. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 46, 184-195.
Kakigi, S., Hagino, G., Mori, T., & Tominaga, D. 1976 Slowly changing potential modified by controlled respiratory cycle. Japanese Psychological Research, 18, 150-153.
Larbig, W. Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., Rockstroh, B., Schnerr, G., & Birbaumer, N. 1982 EEG and slow brain potentials during anticipation and control of painful stimulation. Electroencephalographv & Clinical Neurophvsiologv, 53, 298-309.
McCarthy, G., & Donchin, E. 1978 Brain potentials associated with structural and functional visual matching. Neuropsychologia, 16, 571-585.
Nakamizo, S. 1967 Psycho-physiological studies on respiratory pattern. In Y. Akishige (Ed.), Psychological studies on Zen. Fukuoka: Kyushu University, The Faculty of Literature. Pp.1-39.
Paty, J., Brenot, Ph., Tignol, J., et Bourgeois, M. 1977 Activites evoquees cerebrales (variation contingente negative et potentiels evoques) et etats de conscience modifies (relaxation sophronique, meditation transcendantale). Annales Medico Psychologiques, 136, 143-169.
Rebert, C. S., & Tecce, J. J. 1973 A summary of CNV and reaction time. En W. C. McCallum & J. R. Knott (Eds.), Event-related slow potentials of the brain: their relations to behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp.173-178.
Rizzo, P. A., Amabile, G., Fiumara, R., Caporali, M., Pierelli, F., Spadaro, M., Zanasi, M., & Morocutti, C. 1980 Brain slow potentials and hypnosis. Biological Psychiatry, 15, 499-506.
Rockstroh, B., Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. 1979 Slow cortical potentials under conditions of uncontrollability. Psychophysiology, 16, 374-380.
Rohrbaugh, J. W., Syndulko, K., & Lindsley, D. B. 1976 Brain wave components of the contingent negative variation in humans. Science, 191, 1055-1057.
Roitbak, A. I., Dedabrishvili, T. M., & Gotsiridze, I. K. 1977 Contingent negative variation (E-wave) at voluntary breathing. Sechenov Physiological Journal of the USSR, 63, 210-215.
Sartory, G., & Master, D. 1984 Contingent negative variation in obsessional-compulsive patients. Biological Psychology, 18, 253-267.
Simons, R. F., Macmillan, F. W. Ill, & Ireland, F. B. 1982 Anticipatory pleasure deficit in subjects reporting physical anhedonia: slow cortical evidence. Biological Psychology, 14, 297-310.
Tecce, J. J. 1979 A CNV rebound effect. Electroencephalogr-aphv & Clinical Neurophysialogv, 46, 546-551.
Tecce, J. J., Savignano-Bowman, J., & Meinbresse, D. 1976 Contingent negative variation and the distraction-arousal hypothesis. Electroencephalograph; and Clinical Neurophvsiology, 41, 277-286.
Wallace, R. K., Benson, H., & Wilson, A. F. 1971 A wakeful hypometabolic physiologic state. American Journal of-Physiology, 221, 795-799.

Right : Allison, J. 1970 Respiratory changes during transcendental meditation. Lancet, 1, 833-834.
Benson, H., & Klipper, M. Z. 1976 The relaxation response. New York: Avon.
Brix, R., Fitzal, S., & Gedlicka, W. 1979 CNV und evozierte Potentiate unter Elektro-Akupunktur und bei akustischer Maskierung. Anaesthesist, 28, 60-66.
Deecke, L., Niesser, A., & Ziller, B. 1980 Modality (visual and tactile) and stimulus predictability influence contingent negative variation and reaction time. In H. H. Kornhuber & L. Deecke (Eds.), Motivation, motor and sensory processes of the brain: electrical potentials, behaviour and clinical use. Progress in brain research. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp.301-308.
Dubrovsky, B., Solyom, L., & Barbas, H. 1978 Characteristics of the contingent negative variation in patients suffering from specific phobias. Biological Psychiatry, 13, 531-540.
Gaillard, A. W. K., & Perdok, J. 1980 Slow brain potentials in the CNV-paradigm. Acta Psychologica, 44, 147-163.
Grünewald, G., Grünewald-Zuberbier, E., Netz, J., Hömberg, V., & Sander, G. 1979 Relationships between the late component of the contingent negative variation and the Bereitschaftspotential. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 46, 538-545.
Guilford, J. P. 1975 Reliability and validity of measures. Psychometric methods. 2nd ed. Bombay: Tata McGraw-Hill. Pp. 373-413.
Gullickson, G. R., & Darrow, C. W. 1973 Contingent negative variation modified by respiratory phase. In W. C. McCallum & J. R. Knott (Eds.), Event-related slow potentials of the brain: their relations to behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp.295-297.
Holmes, O. W. 1982 Correlation. In R. J. Wonnacott & T. H. Wonnacott (Eds.), Statistics discovering its power. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp. 268-287.
Ikemi, A. 1988 Psychophysiological effects of selfregulation method: EEG frequency analysis and contingent negative variations. Psychotherapy & Psychosomaties. 49, 230-239.
Ikemi, A., Tomita, S., & Hayashida, Y. 1988 Thermographical analysis of the warmth of the hands during the practice of self-regulation method. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 50, 22-28.
Ikemi, A., Tornio, S., Kuroda, M., Hayashida, V., & Ikemi, Y. 1986 Self-regulation method: psychological, physiological and clinical considerations. -An overview. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 46, 184-195.
Kakigi, S., Hagino, G., Mori, T., & Tominaga, D. 1976 Slowly changing potential modified by controlled respiratory cycle. Japanese Psychological Research, 18, 150-153.
Larbig, W. Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., Rockstroh, B., Schnerr, G., & Birbaumer, N. 1982 EEG and slow brain potentials during anticipation and control of painful stimulation. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 53, 298-309.
McCarthy, G., & Donchin, E. 1978 Brain potentials associated with structural and functional visual matching. Neuropsychologia, 16, 571-585.
Nakamizo, S. 1967 Psycho-physiological studies on respiratory pattern. In Y. Akishige (Ed.), Psychological studies on Zen. Fukuoka: Kyushu University, The Faculty of Literature. Pp. 1-39.
Paty, J., Brenot, Ph., Tignol, J., et Bourgeois, M. 1977 Activités évoquées cérébrales (variation contingente négative et potentiels évoqués) et états de conscience modifiés (relaxation sophronique, méditation transcendantale). Annales Medico Psychologiques, 136, 143-169.
Rebert, C. S., & Tecce, J. J. 1973 A summary of CNV and reaction time. In W. C. McCallum & J. R. Knott (Eds.), Event-related slow potentials of the brain: their relations to behavior. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp. 173-178.
Rizzo, P. A., Amabile, G., Fiumara, R., Caporali, M., Pierelli, F., Spadaro, M., Zanasi, M., & Morocutti, C. 1980 Brain slow potentials and hypnosis. Biological Psychiatry, 15, 499-506.
Rockstroh, B., Elbert, T., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. 1979 Slow cortical potentials under conditions of uncontrollability. Psychophysiology, 16, 374-380.
Rohrbaugh, J. W., Syndulko, K., & Lindsley, D. B. 1976 Brain wave components of the contingent negative variation in humans. Science, 191, 1055-1057.
Roitbak, A. I., Dedabrishvili, T. M., & Gotsiridze, I. K. 1977 Contingent negative variation (E-wave) at voluntary breathing. Sechenov Physiological Journal of the USSR, 63, 210-215.
Sartory, G., & Master, D. 1984 Contingent negative variation in obsessional-compulsive patients. Biological Psychology, 18, 253-267.
Simons, R. F., Macmillan, F. W. III, & Ireland, F. B. 1982 Anticipatory pleasure deficit in subjects reporting physical anhedonia: slow cortical evidence. Biological Psychology, 14, 297-310.
Tecce, J. J. 1979 A CNV rebound effect. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 46, 546-551.
Tecce, J. J., Savignano-Bowman, J., & Meinbresse, D. 1976 Contingent negative variation and the distraction-arousal hypothesis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 41, 277-286.
Wallace, R. K., Benson, H., & Wilson, A. F. 1971 A wakeful hypometabolic physiologic state. American Journal of Physiology, 221, 795-799.

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted in this study. First, the relation of reaction time (RT), and respiration rate to contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude during a relaxation by the self-regulation method (SRM) were examined in 9 healthy subjects who had practiced SRM for 5 weeks. CNV amplitudes were reduced during SRM in both CNVs associated with the fastest and slowest RTs. The respiration rate decreased during SRM compared to before and after SRM condition. The CNV amplitude decreased along with the respiration rate. Secondly, the effect of the voluntarily change in the respiration rate on CNV amplitude was studied in 7 subjects who had not mastered SRM. The CNV amplitude also decreased with the respiration rate. These results suggest that the CNV amplitude reduction during SRM could be associated with the effects of the respiration rate. but not with RT.

Corresponding author

Correction information

Register with J-STAGE for free!