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Volume 37 (1995)
- Issue 4 Pages 201-
- Issue 3 Pages 115-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
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Volume 37, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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MOTOO MITSUDA1995 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 1-12
Published: February 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examines effects of advance organizers on mapping and transfer phases of analogy use in prose comprehension. The effects of advance organizers were evaluated in terms of their impacts on both judgements for similarity about each pair of protagonists in the text and confidence ratings of these judgements. The advance organizers referred to transparent (Experiment 1 with 26 undergraduates as subjects) and less-transparent (Experiment 2 with 21 undergraduates as subjects) dimensional attributes of the protagonists. The data obtained were subjected to multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses to figure out dimensional characteristics of text representations. The effects of advance organizers were obtained for similarity judgements (Experiment 1) and for confidence ratings (Experiment 2). Results were discussed in terms of delay of unintentional exercise in developing structural knowledge as subjects matched pairs of less-transparent items.View full abstractDownload PDF (890K) -
SAYURI TOMITA, AKIRA IKEMI, YOSHIAKI HAYASHIDA1995 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 13-20
Published: February 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were conducted in this study. First, the relation of reaction time (RT), and respiration rate to contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude during a relaxation by the self-regulation method (SRM) were examined in 9 healthy subjects who had practiced SRM for 5 weeks. CNV amplitudes were reduced during SRM in both CNVs associated with the fastest and slowest RTs. The respiration rate decreased during SRM compared to before and after SRM condition. The CNV amplitude decreased along with the respiration rate. Secondly, the effect of the voluntarily change in the respiration rate on CNV amplitude was studied in 7 subjects who had not mastered SRM. The CNV amplitude also decreased with the respiration rate. These results suggest that the CNV amplitude reduction during SRM could be associated with the effects of the respiration rate. but not with RT.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
HIDETSUGU TAJIKA, ATSUSHI TANIGUCHI1995 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 21-28
Published: February 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this study were to confirm the occurrence of instrumental inferences using an implicit memory test and extend the results of Whitney and Williams-Whitney (1990). One hundred and two college students were assigned to each of six groups. According to each of three learning instruction groups, a subject read and memorized sentences. After studying, each subject was first given a word stem completion test and then a free recall test or a cued recall test. The word stem completion test consisted of related (targets) and unrelated words. Results showed that (a) a significant amount of priming was obtained in each group, (b) an interaction between learning instruction and relatedness of words was significant, that is, subjects who generated instruments produced related words more frequently but there was no difference in unrelated words, and (c) subjects performed better on the cued recall test. These results suggest that subjects draw instrumental inferences during reading.View full abstractDownload PDF (553K) -
HARUYUKI KOJIMA, THOMAS SATORU AIBA1995 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 29-39
Published: February 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing stimuli consisting of LEDs placed along a circumference, we investigated visual persistence for different stimulus configurations and for different tasks under the condition that gave rise to apparent motion. Some characteristics of persistence reported previously were confirmed in the present study. i.e. its dependence on stimulus background luminance and on stimulus spatial separation, irrespective of whether the task involved motion detection or not, and whether the stimuli comprised motion or not. This result suggests that those characteristics of persistence are determined by the process prior to pattern detection and then they are passed on to the later process which is responsible for motion detection.View full abstractDownload PDF (795K) -
Findings and future directionsKAORI KARASAWA1995 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 40-55
Published: February 21, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCognitive theories of emotion contend that people's appraisal or interpretation of events or circumstances determines the quality of emotion. This paper reviews theoretical and empirical work attempting to identify cognitive antecedents of emotions. Comparisons of dimensions proposed by Scherer, Roseman, Smith and Ellsworth, Manstead and Tetlock, Frijda, Reisenzein and Hofmann, Weiner, and Lazarus reveal that there are five major appraisal dimensions: Pleasantness, Expectedness/Certainty, Causation, Coping Potential, and Importance. It is argued that future studies need to (a) refine the conceptual definition of the dimensions, (b) identify minor dimensions that account for the differences among similar emotions, (c) examine the importance of social relationship dimensions, (d) incorporate individual differences in appraisal patterns, and (e) extend their theoretical framework from cognitive aspects to the whole system of emotion. It is also suggested that the cognitive theories have much to contribute to the study of communicative function as well as cultural aspects of emotion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1252K) -
1995 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 58
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (59K)
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