Estimation of Reference Values of Gait Spatiotemporal and Kinematic Parameters in the Lower Extremities and Trunk Using a Markerless Motion Capture System for Healthy Older Japanese Adults

Abstract

Objective: This preliminary study aimed to explore the reference values of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters in the lower extremities and trunk during gait for the healthy older adults. Methods: Walking speed, stride length and time, cadence, walk ratio, and step width were calculated as spatiotemporal parameters of gait. Forward tilting of the trunk (FTT), hip flexion and extension, knee flexion and extension, and their laterality were measured as peak angles during one-gait cycle. The bootstrap method was conducted to estimate the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: This study included 334 healthy older adults (255 women). The following gait parameters were estimated with 95%CI: walking speed (95%CI 1.21–1.30), cadence (95%CI 116.35–121.20), walk ratio (95%CI 0.0055–0.0060), step width (95%CI 0.15–0.17), FTT (95%CI 1.91–4.19), hip flexion (95%CI 28.54–31.01), hip extension (95%CI 19.30–22.27), knee extension (95%CI 0.09–0.14), laterality of hip flexion (95%CI 1.31–2.02), laterality of hip extension (95%CI 1.32–1.97), laterality of knee flexion (95%CI 3.41–4.77), and laterality of knee extension (95%CI 0.07–0.13) in men, and walking speed (95%CI 1.28–1.34), walk ratio (95%CI 0.0050–0.0054), FTT (95%CI 2.54–3.73), hip flexion (95%CI 32.80–34.28), laterality of hip flexion (95%CI 1.65–2.05), laterality of hip extension (95%CI 2.06–2.57), and laterality of knee flexion (95%CI 3.04–3.89) in women. Conclusion: This study suggested provisional reference values of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters in the lower extremities and trunk during gait for the healthy older adults.