Effects of Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation on Hemodynamics Compared to Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on hemodynamics and obtain basic data to verify the safety of rPMS in healthy adults. Methods: rPMS and NMES were performed for 5 min in the supine position using a maximum-intensity stimulation that did not cause pain in the quadriceps femoris of 20 healthy adult males. Regarding the measurement items, the maximum inferior vena cava diameter (IVCDmax) was measured using an echocardiograph to determine the increase or decrease in venous return. Right atrial pressure (RAP) was estimated from the measured IVCDmax and respiratory collapsibility index to determine the cardiac preload. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured as indicators of cardiovascular response. Results: A significant interaction was observed for IVCDmax (p <0.05). Multiple comparison tests showed no significant change in IVCDmax for NMES but showed a significant increase during stimulation for rPMS (p <0.01). No significant changes were observed in the HR, SBP, or RAP throughout the experiment. Conclusions: rPMS may produce a stronger muscle pump action than NMES, resulting in increased venous return and IVCDmax expansion. However, since rPMS did not significantly change HR, SBP, or RAP, it is suggested that it does not cause excessive hemodynamic stress in healthy participants.