Markerless Motion Analysis Using New Digital Technology

Abstract

Motion analysis is essential for physical therapists and athletic trainers to understand the motor function of their patients or athletes. Although marker-based motion analysis systems have been widely utilized in research, they are expensive and demand significant time and effort for measurement and analysis, which can complicate their application in clinical practice. In recent years, markerless motion analysis technologies have emerged as affordable and portable alternatives. These technologies include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, depth cameras, manual digitization, and posture-tracking algorithms. IMU sensors detect motion using accelerometers and gyro sensors and can be worn on body parts. Depth cameras use infrared or laser technology to capture three-dimensional (3D) motion without requiring markers. Manual digitization enables semiautomatic identification of joint positions from images, allowing joint angle measurement without using specific cameras or markers. Posture-tracking algorithms use artificial intelligence to approximate joint positions from standard camera images, enabling automated motion analysis. Despite the enhanced accessibility of these technologies, limitations remain, particularly in analyzing detailed joint movements or individuals with structural abnormalities, and their accuracy depends on the environment and motion task. However, with further development, these technologies are expected to become increasingly reliable and provide physical therapists and athletic trainers with valuable, cost-effective, and easy-to-use tools for assessing movement in clinical and sports settings.