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It has been recognized empirically by engineers that the angular distortion on welded joint, which is caused by the eccentric shrinkage of deposited metal, is somewhat related with weld cracking.
The purpose of this work is to evaluate quantitatively the resistance force against angular distortion, naming it as "Bending Restraint Intensity", and also to clear experimentally the role of bending restraint in the cracking behavior.
The definition of Bending Restraint Intensity is given as "Bending moment intensity per unit weld length required to cause unit angular distortion at joint, K_B=M/θ, kg.mm/mm. rad".
Bending Restraint Intensity possessed in self-restraint specimens now being used for cracking tests is to be calculated by finite element method. For the joints with no self-restraint a loading apparatus was devised to give optional K_B.
The weld cracking tests were made on these restrained joints of different types; one was one pass welds with bending and tensile restraint, one was multipass weld with bending restraint, and the other was partially penetrated multipass weld with bending restraint.
Included in this paper is description on the property of bending restraint, the testing apparatus, results of cracking tests with given Bending Restraint Intensity, and a summary and interpretation of the results.