The Role of Ordinance in Geothermal Power Generation

A case study of Beppu city, Oita Prefecture, Japan

Abstract

In recent years, the global push for decarbonization has accelerated the adoption of renewable energy. However, this development has also led to challenges such as environmental degradation and opposition from local residents. In Japan, a country with abundant geothermal resources, geothermal power is being developed as a renewable energy source. Yet, some local governments have implemented ordinances and regulations that place restrictions on such development. Geothermal energy is distinct from other renewables in that it involves specific stakeholders—such as hot spring operators—who are closely tied to local resources, making consensus-building with communities essential. In this context, local regulations play a critical role in geothermal development. This paper focuses on appropriate geothermal energy development in Japan and, through a case study in Beppu-city Kyushu, examines the types of local policies and regulations needed to promote its harmonious integration with local communities.