Electrochemical Preparation of Chemically Modified Carbon Electrodes and Their Application to Electroanalytical Chemistry

Abstract

It has been accepted that the most reliable method to prepare chemically modified carbon electrodes is introduction of carboxyl groups on carbon surfaces by oxidative treatment followed by chemical formation of amide bonds between the active functional groups and amino compounds. However, several straightforward methods have been recently developed for introduction of organic molecules covalently on carbon surfaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of electrochemical methods developed by our group and the others as a useful tool for preparation of chemically modified carbon electrodes. Some analytical applications of modified electrodes obtained by the methods are also compiled.