都市ノヴゴロドの成立 : 最近の考古学研究を中心に

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to survey the archaeological studies of Novgorod. The Russian Primary Chronicle says that Novgorod was built by the middle of the 9th century. But past excavations in Novgorod have not found the cultural layer of this period yet. On the other hand, it is recently proved that there were a large number of settlements in the environs of Novgorod in the 9th century, when the social and political center of this area was Gorodishche. The three nuclei of habitation in Novgorod were formed only in the middle of the 10th century. These facts contradict V. L. Ianin and M. Kh. Aleshkovskii's theory which has been generally accepted for the last few decades. In the 1990s E. N. Nosov argued that when a citadel was built in Novgorod in the middle of the 11th century, it was named Novgorod (the new citadel) in contrast with Gorodishche (the old citadel). V. L. Ianin has already accepted the absence of Novgorod in the 9th century and virtually recanted his own views. We expect that further excavations of the three nuclei of habitation in Novgorod will explain the origin of Novgorod.