地質リモートセンシングの歴史と現状

抄録

Remote sensing in a broad sense has been utilized in geology and natural resources exploration since early 20th century. Conventional photogeologic interpretation, which can be applied to airphotos and satellite imagery, is a practical method to know geologic structures and rock types. Multispectral data in the visible, near-infrared and thermal infrared regions such as LANDSAT TM, JERS-1 OPS, and ASTER are useful for lithologic mapping. Various data analysis algorithms have been developed to characterize multispectral response patterns. Recently, hyperspectral data become available, and allow us not only lithologic discrimination but also rock and mineral identification. SAR images are also useful for photogeologic interpretation particularly for the areas with low cloud-free probabilities. SAR interferometry and polarimetry are new tools for geologic mapping and surface monitoring. Lunar and planetary exploration projects are another important trend in Japan.