地球圏・生物圏国際共同研究(IGBP)

抄録

In 1986 the ICSU General Assembly in Berne, Switzerland decided to establish the International Geosphere and Biosphere Programme: A Study of Global Change (IGBP). The Special Committee appointed by ICSU executive board identified an initial list of the following 4 areas for significant IGBP research. 1) Terrestrial biosphere-atmoshpheric chemistry interaction, 2) Marine biosphere-atmosphere interaction, 3) Biospheric aspect of the hydrological cycle, 4) Effect of climate change on terrestrial ecosystem. In addition the special committee established a working group to assess anticipated research capabilities in the following 4 areas. 1) Global geosphere-biosphere modelling, 2) Data management and information systems, 3) Techniques for extracting envionmental data of the past, 4) Geosphere biosphere observatories.
Realizing the significance of the programme the preparatory national committee was organized under chairmanship of Prof. Kondo in Science Council of Japan, counterpart of ICSU. The chairmanship was taken over by Prof. Ohshima and studious efforts have been made to define appropriate themes for Japan. Followings are the themes proposed by the committee in respective areas. 1) Terrestrial biospheric chemistry interaction: 4 themes including trace gase and aerosol generated by agricultural activities and biomass combustion, etc. 2) Influence of climatic change on land vegetation: 6 themes including climatic influence on carbon balance on the vegetation field, etc. 3) The cycle of substance in ocean and biomass production: 14 themes including substance cycle and biomass in the ocean, etc. 4) Simulation and modelling of substance cycle and climatic change: 5 themes including modelling of climatic change, etc. 5) Monitoring of envionmental change: 5 themes including monitoring of vegetation in the wide area based on satellite data, etc. 6) Extraction of environmental data of the past: 4 themes including extraction of climatic change in the past.