アフロ・ブラジル文化による国民アイデンティティの再創造

ブラジル幼児教育におけるカポエイラ教育を手がかりにして

抄録

　　This study clarifies the social role of capoeira in Brazil from 2003 forward. It simultaneously considers the educational contents and the problems of educational practices based on the educational policies of capoeira.
　　This study first reviews the national identity of Brazil and the social role of capoeira. The logic of unifying Brazil has changed from "the homogeneity of races" to "multiculturalism." "Afro-Brazil" that originated with African slaves has been authorized as part of the nation’s identity. Capoeira, the symbolic martial art of Afro-Brazilian culture, is officially recognized as the national sport in the Brazilian constitution now. Moreover, it was approved as part of the intangible national cultural heritage in 2008. For this reason, the historical and cultural value of capoeira has been reassessed. What is more, a law amendment in 2003 made the teaching of the history and culture of Afro-Brazil and Africa obligatory. And some educational policies were settled on from 2004 to 2010. With the aim of starting the education of Afro-Brazil and Africa, the curriculum and plan was published by Ministry of Education. In addition, the practical system and the view of constructing the educational contents were established by Secretary of Education of State or Municipal of Rio de Janeiro.
　　This study then examines the actual teaching of capoeira, including the problems of educational practices related to it. According to the author’s observation, the capoeira education of the C kindergarten in Rio de Janeiro was arranged for the content adapted for the age of children. It was constructed mainly with the view point of physical education. On the other hand, some papers that treated a practical case, insisted on the possibility of the educational contents of the other elements of capoeira. For example, they were songs, musical instruments and oral stories of history and poetry of songs. Moreover, other papers suggested that the education by the expression form of Afro-Brazilian culture would combat their prejudice about the culture and society in Brazil.
　　However, it was pointed three problems as follows: 1.the situation that the practice didn’t reach the educational policy, 2. The tendency of difficulty relate to the infiltration of the new policy at the school., 3.strengthen the teamwork of local area.
　　Finally, Capoeira is influenced much from the ideology that intend re-creating the national identity of Brazil. And capoeira is located as the content of school education. Because the construction of the educational contents and practice is the germinal stage, and is waited the preparation of systems for the expansion of practice is necessary.