One of Australian graduated student made a keyword“proteome”based on“PROTEin” and“genOME”in 1995. Since then, proteomics became an important research theme in the post-genome era. Australian Proteome Analysis Facility was established in 1996 and the group at Melbourne started the analysis of cancer based on the new concepts of proteomics. I introduced the organisations and the targets of the proteome research in Australia in this review.