Protein science has been advanced with new development of various separation and analytical techniques, and one of the most useful techniques at the beginning was various electrophoretic fractionation. In 1973, Watson & Crick reported on a structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, and then molecular biology has progressed rapidly. In 1991, the international cooperative project on human genome started, and ended in 2003, reporting more than 99% of the whole base sequence of human genome. However, the project has left most of human genes functionally unknown. Currently the major research in life science is aiming to determine biological functions of individual proteins as well as regulatory networks among many proteins, namely “proteomics”.
