「文化の違い」再考 : 異文化コミュニケーション研究における3つの視点(「コミュニケーション教育と異文化コミュニケーション研究」を再考する)

抄録

In this article, I discuss what constitutes "cultural differences" in intercultural communication research. To frame this question in another way, how can we determine whether a certain interaction is intercultural? I argue that there are currently at least three different views on what counts as cultural differences: (1) cultural differences as defined by communicators' backgrounds; (2) cultural differences as researchers' abstraction about meanings of actions; and (3) cultural differences as defined by participants. After briefly reviewing the first view, the one held by the traditional intercultural communication researchers, I introduce Schneider (1976) to exemplify the second view. I consider how we can answer the question of cultural differences by taking his view and discuss how it can be used as a discussion material in intercultural communication class. I finally touch on the third view, the one that is consistent with my research in the ethnography of communication.