一九三〇年代中国における農業金融政策と地域金融 : 浙江省の事例を中心に

抄録

At the time of the agricultural depression in the first half of the 1930s, the Chinese Nationalist government directed funds back to the villages by using existing banks and newly-established agricultural ones. In addition, it encouraged the foundation of agricultural cooperatives and warehouses. Previous resarch has tended to be very critical of the policy of the Nationalist government. One criticism is that financial capital branched out into the villages looking for an outlet for surplus funds, and that considerable profits were made through exploitation of the peasants. The other major criticism is that the loans were not big enough to make a real contribution to the recovery of the rural economy. The purpose of my research is to examine these criticisms by examining policy concerning agricultural finance in Zhejiang Province. The results of my research are as follows. First, loans to peasants using agricultural cooperatives and warehouses were so costly that there was no profit involved for financial capital and only public banking facilities for agriculture could afford to advance loans. However, banking facilities in Zhejiang province were insufficiently developed. The Bank of China and the Zhejiang Provincial Bank were public banks and therefore made loans to peasants. But since they were not agricultural banks, they could not make limitless loans. Secondly, the two banks made large-scale secured loans to merchants and industrialists in the directly managed warehouses. Those loans did produce a profit for financial capitals. In this case, the funds were not directly supplied to peasants, but the securities were agricultural products, so the loans indirectly relieved fund shortages in the villages. Moreover keeping agricultural products in warehouses stabilized prices.