イギリス議会囲い込みにおける反対運動とその帰結 : バッキンガムシャー,プリンシーズ・リズバラ教区の事例より

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to show how opposition to enclosure plans was able to mitigate their effect by examining the example of an enclosure planned in the parish of Princes Risborough in 1819, The plan was put forward by the lord of the manor, large landowners and their agents, but it was opposed by local inhabitants such as traders and small landowners because of the cost burden and the negative effect on the poor. The opposition was powerful, but its position was undermined, and the Enclosure Act was passed in 1820. The group in favour of the enclosure tried to increase their support through land sales to reduce costs drastically, and by providing compensation for the Poor. As a result of the enclosure, a small number of large landowners were able to increase their holdings, but a lot of small Iandowners (many of them absentee landlords) disappeared. The 1831 Census, which was carried out some years after the enclosure, shows that the ratio of those who obtained land as a result and stayed in the parish was much higher than that of those who did not obtain land. In other words, the damage done by this enclosure was relatively small.