ニコス・プーランザスとアンリ・ルフェーヴル

【一九七〇年代フランスの国家論の回顧と展望】

抄録

  The purpose of this article is to examine State theories proposed by Nicos Poulantzas and Henri Lefebvre and their researches for State reformation in response to the progression of economic globalization. A series of Saskia Sassen’s works, discussing about the relationship between the globalization and states, summarize its problematic by two concepts, that is, denationalization and renationalization. Based on Sassen’s point of view, our research reconsiders a connection between the two Marxist philosophers, who are discussed separately in the context of the Marxist State theory still today. In this paper, we define globalization as the new international division of labor. Exactly to say, the division of labor corresponds to the analyses of the world economy made by Poulantzas and Lefebvre. From this perspective, we aim to examine their State theories by reconstructing their theoretical context.

  Firstly, we revisit the State theory of Poulantzas and resituate it at the rise of euro-communism. In this reconsideration, we treat a diagnostic of “crisis of State legitimacy”, that he formulated as a sign signifying the transformation of States in response to the emergence of the new world economy. Poulantzas interpreted this crisis as a contradiction of consensus of nation, which would have been caused by the change of power balance between administration and parliament.

  Secondly, we reflect upon the tension between economy and politics, resulted by “the worldwide of States” that Lefebvre posed as his theoretical object. On one hand, political upheavals from 1950’s defined the tension, posterior to independences and decolonization in the Asian and African nations. On the other hand, the economic change determined it, that is to say, the arrival of multinational corporations and their borderless enterprises. In his investigation, we can perceive his effort to consider the production of State space and the reconfiguration of city, State, and world spaces.

  As such, we would present a typology about theories of State reformation in reaction to globalization.