In recent years, there has been concern about the dysfunction of representative democracy. Many democrats have argued that the dysfunction of representative democracy should be addressed by strengthening participation, such as increasing turnout and participation in demonstrations. However, the participation approach is not appropriate, as it disregards the costs involved. This paper argues that instead of the participation approach, we should adopt the representation approach. The representative approach introduces two types of lottocratic chambers, one with a proposal function and the other with a decision function, in addition to the existing elected chamber. The representative approach is not only an effective response to the dysfunction of representative democracy. It is also less expensive than the participatory approach. The representative approach is therefore superior to the participatory approach in terms of cost-effectiveness. The representative approach is promising for improving the political decision-making system and is worth considering.
