A Bayesian approach in studies on higher-level cognition

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to review the development and contribution of the Bayesian approach to higher-level human cognition. In doing so, this paper introduces several representative studies of the Bayesian approach, including causal reasoning or hypothesis testing, and argues the following: (1) the Bayesian approach is based on the theoretical assumptions of judgment and decision-making studies that are not themselves derived from Bayesian approaches, and (2) the Bayesian approach reflects a transition in the views on rationality in human thinking. Based on these arguments, this paper also proposes that, rather than emphasizing its explanatory power, the Bayesian approach can be further developed by considering fundamental problems in higher-level cognition.