Rethinking the inhibitory learning approach: The roles of extinction and associative learning theory

Abstract

The inhibitory learning approach is recognized as the underlying theory of exposure therapy, based on the findings of fear conditioning and extinction. This paper raises questions regarding the validity of two claims in the inhibitory learning approach: (1) exposure therapy is a clinical analog of the extinction procedure in fear conditioning, and (2) the inhibitory learning approach is based on associative learning theories. Little evidence exists to argue that the mechanism of exposure therapy is underpinned by extinction or habituation. Inhibitory learning, as assumed by the inhibitory learning approach, is a unique construct that differs from previous associative models. To bridge the gap between associative theories and the inhibitory learning approach, we introduce a new model and discuss directions for future research.