抄録
Currently, the Japanese Labor Market is in disequilibrium. Some pillars of the Japanese employment system are crumbling because of the corporations. In other words, terms such as life-time employment, one package recruiting of new graduates, and personal development of the employee in the long term, have all been reduced from positive to passive concepts. As a result, an increasing number of young subscribers to the internal labor market have been facing difficulties in getting jobs as regular employees. Accordingly, in the absence of permanent jobs, there is a tendency for the younger generation to engage in atypical forms of employment such as part-time work, temporary work, and terminable employment contracts. In Japan there is a type of labor market trade cycle each year to cater to the jobless graduates. The total number of unemployed people peaks every March and April and then recedes until February of the following year. For example, in the year 2003-2004, the number of the unemployed fluctuated between 300,000 and 130,000. Some of these were successful in finding a job but the others had to give up the search for a job in the labor market. Apart from the older job seekers, those of the younger generation are also easily disappointed and swell the ranks of the inactively unemployed. As in advanced countries, the Japanese government has established a special program that aims at promoting youth employment by way of "Japanese style dual system" in the vocational training arena. Although several institutions could provide opportunities for the youth to make use of the training curriculum, it would take some time for trainees to gain an entry into the first labor market set up by the private job offers. This critical aspect of youth employment could be the reason why the younger generation is being dissociated from the conventional Japanese style of management. Additionally, the recruiting strategies of the companies have been as yet unable to discover a solution; this has led to a big discrepancy between the qualifications required and the working life style required by the job seeker. If members of the younger generation have to endure such difficulties in becoming citizens of society, they will have growing concerns about a society that is unable to provide them with adequate opportunities, with the emphasis being laid on individual responsibility under the "neo-liberalism" policy. It would also result in chaos since the youth are stratified as a closed and exclusive social group.
