Fake news on the Internet has become a problem in recent years, especially in Western countries. Fake news causes economic and social disruption and reduces trust in the media. To prevent the spread of fake news, and ensure trustworthy media, this study examined the following measures against fake news: (1) legal regulation, (2) information literacy education, (3) promotion of fact-checking. (1) legal regulation is not effective as a measure because of concerns that it may impede freedom of expression, and (2) information literacy education is ineffective because it takes a long time due to the lack of manpower to expend the educational system. Therefore, we focused on (3) the promotion of fact-checking, clarified its effectiveness, and summarized its challenges.
