顎顔面インプラントに関する基礎的研究

抄録

Osseointegrated implants have begun to be used not only in general practice in dentistry but also in various clinical situations in the maxillofacial region. The process has yielded three problems: the spread of application, new materials and diagnostic methods, and management for difficult situations. This paper presents basic data and clinical guidelines for new applications, it investigates the characteristics of the materials and the usefulness of a new diagnostic method, and it studies effective techniques for difficult cases.
The results obtained are as follows: 1. Investigations into the spreading application
1) The lateral and superior orbital rim have sufficient bone thickness and width for the implant body to be placed.
2) Osseointegrated implants, especially by the fixed bridge technique, are not recommended in the craniofacial bone and jaws of young children.
3) Implant placement into bone after/before irradiation must be performed in consideration of impaired osteogenesis, the decrease of trabecular bone, and the time interval between implantation and irradiation.
2. Investigations into materials and diagnostic methods
1) Hydroxyapatite-coated and titanium implants should be selected according to the characteristics of the materials.
2) A dental simulating soft may also be applicable in the craniofacial region.
3. Investigations into the management of difficult cases
1) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and tissue engineering should be useful for improving the quality and increasing the quantity of bone where implants are placed.
2) Soft tissue around implants placed in the reconstructed area should be replaced with mucosal tissue.
The data obtained here should be useful for increasing the efficiency of osseointegrated implants, but further basic research is required in the future.