Acute Toxicities of Organotin Compounds, Pesticides and Chromium (VI) to Penaeus japonicus and Heptacarpus futilirostris: Effects of Moulting, Water Temperature and Salinity

Abstract

Effects of moulting and experimental conditions such as water temperature and salinity on acute toxicity of hazardous chemicals to shrimps were investigated in order to establish a toxicity test using Penaeus japonicus and Heptacarpus futilirostris as test organisms. 96h LC₅₀ of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl), triphenyltin chloride (TPTCl), γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), fenitorthion (MEP), carbaryl (NAC) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) to P. japonicus was 3.4-48 μg/L, 23-260 μg/L, 4.1 μg/L, 0.49 μg/L, 10 μg/L and 1100-24000 μg/L, respectively. The 96h LC₅₀ of these hazardous chemicals to H. futilirostris was 3.6 μg/L for TBTCl, 3.8-4.2 μg/L for TPTCl, 1.7-2.1 μg/L for γ-HCH, 0.96-1.1 μg/L for MEP, 6.8-7.6 μg/L for NAC, 140 μg/L for PCP and 17000 μg/L for chromium (Cr(VI)). TPTCl and PCP showed higher acute toxicity on H. futilirostris, however, acute toxicities of tested chemicals other than TPTCl and PCP were almost the same for the two shrimp species. The acute toxicities of TBTCl, TPTCl and PCP to P. japonicus increased ten times after it moulted in the experimental period. On the other hand, acute toxicity to H. futilirostris was not affected by moulting. The acute toxicity was not affected by temperature and salinity of the rearing seawater.