Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate performances during the start phase using both the kick start and the track start and to compare kinematic parameters for sex differences. Eleven male and 10 female elite collegiate swimmers executed the two start techniques in random order. Trials were recorded using three synchronized video cameras sampling at 60 frames/s and analyzed in the 2-dimensional sagittal plane. Paired t-testing was used to compare all variables between the two techniques. When differences in kinematic parameters were observed, absolute differences between with or without start plate were calculated. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare parameters between males and females. In male swimmers, block time and 15-m time were significantly shorter for the kick start than for the track start. Horizontal velocity and speed at take-off were greater for the kick start than for the track start. In female swimmers, the 15-m time was significantly shorter for the kick start than for the track start. Horizontal velocity at take-off was greater for the kick start than for the track start. In addition, 15-m time was comparably improved by using the kick start for both male and female competitive college swimmers.
