Abstract
Leonard Nelson (1882-1927), a philosopher at the University of Göttingen, constructed a system of ethics based on the concept of 'Interest,' even though he acknowledged the critical philosophy derived from Kant. At the center of this is the "principle of balancing interests" based on the "equality of human dignity" on which his political and social theories and animal rights theories are developed. Animal rights theory began to attract attention after the 1970s, but Nelson's theory, which has an ethical basis, is considered an extremely early one. This paper clarifies the structure of Nelson's animal rights argument, and critically examines the unique points and some difficulties.