A large amount of activated sludge adhered to carbon fiber when they were immersed in activatedsludge. When carbon fiber was immersed in a cistern containing polluent river water, thetransparency of thewater increased and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) value decreased. The action of such microorganisms that adhered to the carbonfiber are expected to be uttilized for the purification of river, lake, marsh anddam water. Theaggregation of carbon fiber and sludge formed aerobes exterior and anaerobes interior. It is thought the BOD in waterwas decomposed H2O, CO2 and so on by the action of this biome. Carbon fiber could function as filters and amedium for the microbital adhesion. Carbon fiber with high elasticity and small diameter could effectively come in contactwith polluted water by being free to move in the water.